منطقه‌گرایی ایران‌ با سازمان همکاری شانگهای‌ در مقایسه با اتحادیه اقتصادی اوراسیا

منطقه‌گرایی در محیط پیرامون ایران نسبت به اروپا، آمریکا و جنوب شرق آسیا، نتایج ضعیف‌تری داشته است. در این منطقه، دو نهاد منطقه‌گرایی دیرپا (اکو و شورای همکاری خلیج فارس) و نوپا (سازمان همکاری شانگهای و اتحادیه اقتصادی اوراسیا) تشکیل شده‌اند. اهمیت منطقه‌گرایی در تحقق اهداف توسعه، نیازمند تصمیم‌گیری عمل‌گرایانه ایران در همکاری با بلوک‌های فعال منطقه است. در نوشتار پیش رو تلاش شده است تا با بهره‌گیری از چارچوب تئوریک «منطقه‌گرایی» و روش پژوهش تحلیل محتوا و موردکاوی تطبیقی، در پاسخ به این پرسش که از ابتدای شکل‌گیری سازمان همکاری شانگهای‌ و اتحادیه اقتصادی اوراسیا تاکنون، طی سال‌‌های 2000 تا 2019، «همگونی‌ و تجانس شاخص‌های اقتصاد کلان» و «همگرایی تجارت درون ‌و فرا‎منطقه‌ای» در کدام‌یک از این دو نهاد منطقه‌ای بهتر محقق شده است؟ فرضیه ذیل بررسی شود که «باوجود اهداف غیر اقتصادی سازمان همکاری شانگهای در مقایسه با اهداف کاملاً اقتصادی اتحادیه اقتصادی اوراسیا، همگونی و تجانس اقتصادی و همگرایی تجاری در سازمان همکاری شانگهای بهتر از اتحادیه اقتصادی اوراسیا محقق شده است». نتایج پژوهش با محوریت تجانس‌‌ و همگونی اقتصادی ‌و ارزیابی کارآمدی‌‌ و همگرایی تجارت درون ‌‌و فرامنطقه‌ای این ‌دو نهاد با تاکید بر تجارت ایران (2019-2000) گویای آن است که برای هر دو نهاد، همگونی و تجانس اقتصادی متاثر از شکل‌گیری منطقه‌گرایی رخ نداده است، با این وجود کارآمدی همگرایی تجاری در سازمان همکاری شانگهای ملموس‌تر و معنی‌دار‌تر از اتحادیه اقتصادی اوراسیا بوده است.

regional integration of iran and sco in comparison with eaeu

extended abstract 1- introduction regional arrangements and the outcomes of economic convergence among countries are currently subjects of interest for both major powers and developing emerging industrial economies. the benefits arising from regionalism have necessitated developing countries to experience a new level of international relations under regional convergences. regionalism in iran’s vicinity has had the weakest possible results compared to europe, america and southeast asia. in this region, two long-standing regionalism institutions (eco and the persian gulf cooperation council) and new ones (the shanghai cooperation organization and the eurasian economic union) have been formed during the first steps. the importance of regionalism in the realization of development goals has created this necessity for iran to make decisions and choose with a pragmatic view on priorities and strategic results of cooperation with active blocks in the region. in this article, an attempt has been made to use the theoretical framework of regionalism and convergences under economic integration in response to the question that from the beginning of the formation of the shanghai cooperation organization and the eurasian economic union until now, during the years 2000 to 2019, the homogeneity and congruence of macroeconomic indicators and convergence of intra- and extra-regional trade has been achieved better in which of these two regional institutions?, this hypothesis is proposed that despite the non-economic goals of the shanghai cooperation organization compared to the purely economic goals of the eurasian economic union, economic homogeneity and commercial convergence have been achieved better in the shanghai cooperation organization than in the eurasian economic union .2- theoretical frameworkeconomic integration is a type of trade policy that leads to the reduction or elimination of discriminatory trade restrictions among member countries. the effects of partial and static equilibrium of unions can be measured in terms of trade creation or trade diversion. additionally, a trade-creating customs union (tccu) can lead to an increase in the welfare of non-members. a trade diverting customs union (tdcu) might result in trade creation or trade diversion, and the ultimate outcome depends on the relative strength of these opposing forces. customs union theory is a specific case of the second-best theory. according to this theory, when all necessary conditions for achieving maximum social welfare or pareto optimality are not satisfied, the pursuit of these conditions will not necessarily or usually lead to the second-best. in other words, in the absence of the necessary conditions for achieving pareto optimality, the second-best choice is not necessarily the most desirable choice given the existing conditions. the conditions under which a union is formed will likely theoretically result in trade creation and increased welfare. other static effects of a union include reductions in transaction costs and increased bargaining power of members. evertheless, the impact of the union on the exchange relationship among members is uncertain. in addition to static welfare benefits, countries establish unions due to other dynamic benefits such as increased competition, economies of scale, investment incentives, and more efficient utilization of economic benefits. despite significant efforts made by developing countries for economic integration, they have achieved limited successes.