سیاست های اقتصادی ایران پس از انقلاب اسلامی و تحولات منزلتی زنان

با پیروزی انقلاب، دوره‎اى از تاریخ ایران آغاز شد که با ادوار پیش از خود، ازنظر شکلى و محتوایى تفاوت هایى اساسى و بنیادین داشت. در چهار دهه ای که از عمر این نظام سیاسی می گذرد شاهد تغییر و تحولات جدی در بنیان های فکری و اجتماعی و نهایتاً تغییر در سازوکارهای اداره جامعه به ویژه درخصوص نیمی از جمعیت کشور یعنی زنان هستیم. مطالبات زنان ایرانی به ویژه تلاش برای بهبود جایگاه اقتصادی‎شان، از فردای بعد از انقلاب تا به امروز، وضعیت متغیری را تجربه کرده است. حال با عنایت به این واقعیت ها سوال این است که چه علل و عواملی در انتقال و تغییر وضعیت اقتصادی زنان در پس از انقلاب اسلامی موثر بوده است و مسیر این تغییر وضعیت به چه سویی است؟ در پاسخ به این سوال نویسندگان پژوهش حاضر با کمک چارچوب نظری ساخت‎یابی گیدنز توضیح می دهند که تغییر و تحولات حادث شده در وضعیت اقتصادی و شغلی زنان حاصل فراگردی پویا و تاریخی بین ساختار سیاسی و جامعه زنان بوده است که به ‎موجب آن جامعه زنان در فرایندی دیالکتیکی متاثر از تصمیمات ساختاری به سطحی از دانش و آگاهی دست‎یافته اند که همین دانش و آگاهی در ادامه موجب بازتولید ساختارهای متناسب با بهبود وضعیت اشتغال زنان را فراهم آورد. مسیر این تغییرات نیز گویای کاهش شکاف جنسیتی و افزایش میل به بهره مندی از حقوق انسانی و شهروندی زنان است. پژوهش حاضر براساس نظریه ساخت یابی گیدنز و روش پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی تلاش نموده است تا تاثیر متقابل سیاست های اقتصادی ایران بعد از انقلاب و ذهنیت اشتغال در نزد عامل را در چرایی روند کاهش شکاف جنسیتی توصیف و تحلیل کند.

economic policies of iran and the status development of women after the islamic revolution

extended abstract 1- introduction the study investigates the intellectual and social foundations of managing society, with a specific focus on the role of women, and how these foundations have evolved over the four decades following the islamic revolution in iran. during this period, the demands and efforts of iranian women in terms of employment and improving their economic status have undergone significant transformations. the importance of women’s employment and their participation in various spheres as a means of generating income outside the family structure has allowed women to break away from traditional sources of authority. this shift has also provided women with a mediating role through which they assess themselves and their surrounding environment. while the broad outlines of economic policies have been outlined in long-term strategic documents over the past four decades, there have been various instances where governments have made substantial changes to previous policies in response to the evolving demands of the population. the study aims to address the question of which factors have influenced the changes in women’s economic status and the direction in which these changes have occurred, considering the fluctuating trends in women’s status and economic conditions since the islamic revolution in iran.2- method and theoretical frameworkthe authors of this study have employed anthony giddens’ theoretical framework of structuration, aimed at transcending the dichotomy of structure and agency, in order to explore the evolution of women’s economic and occupational status within the context of a dynamic and historical process involving the political structure and the female community. giddens’ structuration theory focuses on establishing logical connections between structure and agency. he seeks to develop a theory that effectively integrates the importance of structures, which are essential for social and political interactions, with a recognition of the will, adaptability, autonomy, and agency of individual actors. according to this framework, the production and reproduction of society is the result of skillful actions by social actors. these actors construct structures, but they do not do so entirely by choice; instead, their actions are influenced by the status and circumstances they directly encounter, as well as by the historical legacies passed down to them. therefore, giddens conceptualizes the relationship between structure and agency as an ongoing and dynamic historical process. by adopting the theoretical framework of giddens’ structuration, the study underscores the significance of interactions between two essential components: the human element (represented by women) and the structural factors (such as the economy and politics). this framework offers valuable insights into a deeper understanding of the developments in this particular period of iran’s history. 3- discussion during and after the islamic revolution and the iran-iraq war, iranian women received encouragement from political leaders to participate in the public sphere and contribute to solving societal issues. however, their involvement was challenged by gender segregation policies and laws that restricted women’s participation. in response to these structural limitations, women took proactive steps to overcome these barriers and began influencing economic policies as informed agents. over time and in subsequent periods, they managed to change opposing views in their favor. notably, during the iran-iraq war, women played significant roles and effectively convinced many opponents of their presence in the public sphere.