نقدی بر رویکرد میرزا آقاخان در اقتصاد

بررسی سیر اندیشه اقتصادی در ایران موضوع مهمی است که تاکنون مورد غفلت قرار گرفته است. این بررسی از آن روی دارای اهمیت است که پرداختن به آن می‎تواند میزان درک اقتصاددانان امروز از مناسبات دنیای جدید را روشن سازد. به‌منظور برداشتن گامی در این مسیر، پژوهش پیشِ روی به بررسی اندیشه اقتصادی میرزا آقاخان پرداخته است. کتاب «تکوین و تشریع» به‎لحاظ کوشش نویسنده آن در تبیین رویکرد روش‎شناختی برای درک پدیده‎های جهان به‌طور اعم و مناسبات اقتصادی به‌طور اخص متفاوت از دیگر آثار منتشرشده در دوره مشروطه است. میرزا آقاخان در این اثر کوشیده است با استخراج برخی اصول، مناسبات اقتصادی در جامعه را توضیح دهد. در این مطالعه به‌منظور دستیابی به این هدف و نیز به‎جهت هماهنگی بیشتر با روش مورد اشاره، میرزا آقاخان در «تکوین و تشریع»، از روش میزس که بسط روش مورد استفاده اقتصاددانان قرن هجده و نوزده میلادی است، استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که باوجود کوشش میرزا آقاخان، اندیشه او نتوانسته است به‎عمق تحولاتی که در اندیشه اروپایی رخ داده است رسوخ کند. همچنین، این نکته توجیه‌کننده ناهماهنگی موجود بین دیدگاه طرح‌شده در «تکوین و تشریع» و «صد خطابه» است که توجه به آن می‎تواند در بررسی سیر اندیشه به‌طور عام و سیر اندیشه اقتصادی به‌طور خاص در عصر مشروطه راه‎گشا باشد.

mirza-agha-khan kermani’s methodological approach in economics

extended abstract 1- introduction the introduction of new social sciences to iran commenced prior to the constitutional revolution, a period known as the persian constitutional revolution, offering valuable insights into the current state of these disciplines. during this era, the writings of travelogues by certain individuals sparked an interest in the western world, leading to a subsequent effort by a group of intellectuals to transplant european concepts into iran. notably, mirza agha khan emerged as a prominent figure in this second group of intellectuals, actively engaged in the transfer of western ideas. among mirza agha khan’s notable works, takvin va tashri stands out, particularly due to the methodology applied when addressing economic subjects. in the realm of social sciences, methodology plays a pivotal role in the exploration of the laws governing human interactions. this study focuses on mirza agha khan’s approach to economic relationships, revealing that his method mirrors the perspectives of economists from the 18th and 19th centuries.2- theoretical frameworkthis research method is rooted in the perspective of ludwig von mises ([1949] 1998). according to mises, economic propositions are deduced through a process of deductive reasoning and fall into the category of a priori propositions. this concept centers on the extraction of knowledge from the actions that we as individuals undertake. in essence, every individual is considered an actor and, as such, can derive an a priori understanding of reality through introspection. this process is made feasible through the comprehension of what mises termed the axiom of action. this axiom posits that human action is purposeful behavior. in other words, action represents the manifestation of a desire translated into practical behavior, guided by an intent or objective. action denotes the meaningful response of an individual’s ego to stimuli and the environmental conditions surrounding them. it signifies a conscious adaptation to the state of the world, thereby determining the course of their life.3- methodology adam smith contends that the comprehension of previously unexplained phenomena can be a gratifying experience when employing certain fundamental principles. he suggests that, much like the newtonian principles, if such principles and rules can be unearthed in the realm of human relationships, it becomes plausible to offer explanations. mirza agha khan’s initial statements in takvin va tashri resonate with the perspective of adam smith, which was a prevailing approach among economists up until the 19th century. in this context, mirza agha khan’s method of deciphering phenomena bears a striking resemblance to that generation of economists. this study adopts a similar method to scrutinize his viewpoints, drawing on the approach akin to that employed by mirza agha khan.