سنجش پایداری و واکاوی عوامل موثر بر آن در باغات انگور مناطق روستایی سیستان

ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری ﮐﺸﺎورزی اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﯽ ﺷﮏ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار اﺳﺖ. اﻧﮕﻮر ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺎﻏﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ در اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دارد. ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻮدن ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﮕﻮر در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ آن در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری، ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪهی آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﭘﺎﯾﺪارﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮی ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ. روﯾﮑﺮد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری ﺑﺎﻏﺎت اﻧﮕﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ آن، از دادهﻫﺎی ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1398-99 ﮐﻪ از ﺗﻌﺪاد 86 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻏﺪاران اﻧﮕﻮر ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪه، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪی اول ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری، ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﻓﻊ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺷﺪه و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﯽ وزندﻫﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯿﺪﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻧﯿﻤﯽ از ﺑﺎﻏﺎت اﻧﮕﻮر از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری در ﺣﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ رﮔﺴﯿﻮن ﮔﺎم ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎم ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﺎﻏﺎت، ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺧﺖ، ﻧﯿﺮوی ﮐﺎر، ﮐﻮد ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ، ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎی ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺳﻢ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ و درﯾﺎﻓﺖ وام ﻧﯿﺰ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ روی ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎداﺗﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری ﺑﺎﻏﺎت اﻧﮕﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰان ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ.

assessment of sustainability and analysis of the factors affecting it in grape orchards of rural areas in sistan

grapes, as the most important and economically significant horticultural product in the sistan region, play a pivotal role in the region’s economic structure. given the dominance of grape cultivation and its considerable impacts on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the region—key components of sustainability—assessing sustainability levels and identifying factors threatening it is an effective step towards strengthening the production model of this crop. the main approach of this study is a survey, and in order to evaluate the sustainability of grape orchards in the region and identify the factors affecting it, data from the 2019–2020 crop year was utilized. these data were collected through 86 questionnaires, randomly distributed among the region’s farmers. in the first stage, after identifying and developing sustainability measurement indicators, the indicators were scaled using the method of scale discrepancy resolution and then weighted through principal component analysis (pca). the findings show that more than half of the grape orchards in the region are in a relatively unsustainable condition. moreover, the results of stepwise regression analysis indicate that factors such as production, orchard area, number of trees, labor, animal manure usage, farming experience, and education level are among the most significant factors influencing the sustainability index. in contrast, inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides had minimal impact, and receiving loans had a negative effect on sustainability.