تحلیلی بر اثرات گردشگری کشاورزی بر تنوع درآمدی در مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای دورود و سلین- شهرستان سروآباد)

در ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﮐﺸﺎورزی، ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﻧﻮاع ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی، ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهای در ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداری از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﮐﺸﺎورزی در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه و ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ درآﻣﺪی و اﯾﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽآورد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع درآﻣﺪی در دو روﺳﺘﺎی ﺳﻠﯿﻦ و دورود از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺮوآﺑﺎد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ و دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی از روشﻫﺎی ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ اﺳﻨﺎدی و ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﺮدآوری ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 270 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﮐﺸﺎورز ﯾﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻣﺤﺼﻮلﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪای ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ 350 ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوری دادهﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪای ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ آﻟﻔﺎی ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ 0.86 ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰارﻫﺎیspss وexcel و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎی آﻣﺎری ﻣﺘﻨﻮع اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل، ﺗﻨﻮع درآﻣﺪی، ارﺗﻘﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه زﻧﺎن و ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری در ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪی از ﻣﺰاﯾﺎی ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﺑﯿﻦ دو روﺳﺘﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد؛ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪای ﮐﻪ روﺳﺘﺎی ﺳﻠﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎی ﺑﻬﺘﺮ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻮﻓﻖﺗﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دورود داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻌﯿﺸﺘﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺮوش ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﮑﺎری ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل، ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺿﻌﻒ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎ، ﻓﺴﺎدﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت و ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ رﻓﻊ آنﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاری ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺮورت ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰی ﮐﻞﻧﮕﺮ، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداری ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ دارد.

an analysis of the effects of agritourism on income diversification in rural areas (case study: dorud and selin villages – sarvabad county)

abstractin recent years, agritourism has emerged as one of the most innovative forms of tourism and has received increasing global attention. this form of tourism is based on the utilization of natural resources and agricultural activities in rural areas, offering opportunities for income diversification and job creation. the present study aims to investigate the impact of agritourism on income diversification in the villages of selin and dorud in sarvabad county. this is an applied research with a descriptive-analytical nature, and data were collected using a combination of documentary and survey methods. the statistical population included 270 households engaged in agriculture or related to product-based tourism, from which a sample of 350 households was selected using cochran’s formula and simple random sampling. the data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with three main sections, whose validity was confirmed by experts and reliability by a cronbachs alpha of 0.86. data analysis was performed using spss and excel software, employing various statistical tests.the findings indicate that agemployment generation, income diversification, quality of life improvement, and the empowerment of social groups, especially women and youth. moreover, there is a significant difference between the two studied villages in terms of the benefits gained from agritourism; selin, due to its favorable geographic location and better infrastructure, has demonstrated more successful outcomes compared to dorud. the results emphasize that agritourism, through livelihood diversification and increased direct sales of products, can serve as an effective strategy for sustainable rural development. nevertheless, challenges such as weak infrastructure, perishability of products, and insufficient tourism services have also been identified, which require targeted policymaking and capacity-building at the local level. ultimately, the study underscores the need for holistic planning, training, and the empowerment of local commun