بررسی عوامل پیشبرنده و بازدارنده طرح هادی روستایی از دیدگاه متخصصان در استان مازندران

امروزه روستاها با برخورداری از شکل ویژه استقرار و معیشت انسان و با توجه به نقشی که در حیات اقتصادی و اجتماعی کشورها ایفا می‌کنند نیازمند سازماندهی و توسعه می‌باشند. برای تهیه و اجرای طرح هادی به‌منزلة فراگیرترین و محلی‌ترین طرح توسعة روستایی در ایران، هزینه‌های کلانی صرف می‌شود و این طرح آثار چشمگیری بر بافت فیزیکی کالبدی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و... سکونتگاه‌های روستایی بر جای گذاشته است. اثرگذاری چندبعدی تهیه و اجرای این طرح بر عرصة سکونتگاه‌های روستایی و جوامع مستقر در آنها، ضرورت آسیب‌شناسی طرح هادی را دوچندان می‌کند؛ بر این اساس هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی آسیب‌شناسی طرح‌ هادی روستایی و همچنین عوامل موثر بر پیشبرد طرح‌های هادی روستایی است که به‌صورت نمونه موردی در استان مازندران انجام شده است. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده برای گردآوری داده‌ها از اسناد کتابخانه‌ای و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش کارشناسان و متخصصان در حیطه طرح‌های هادی روستایی بوده‌اند که به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی در بین 30 نفر از آنان توزیع و تکمیل گردید. معیارهای آسیب‌شناسی طرح‌های هادی روستایی مورد مطالعه شامل (اقتصادی- اجتماعی- محیطی- روانشناختی و محتوایی) بوده است که در قالب 33 سوال می‌باشد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل پژوهش حاضر از آزمون های tتک نمونه ای و آزمون تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی در محیط نرم افزار  spssاستفاده شده است. براساس نتایج  مستخرج از آزمون t تک‌نمونه‌ای، معیارهای ریشه کردن فقر با (3/26)،  عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح (2/93)، در نظر نگرفتن قوانین بین‌المللی (3/10)،  مغفول ماندن کارکرد و فعالیت (3/96)، نقش بخش خصوصی (4/46)، درک مشترک از مسائل (3/33)، سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش کشاورزی (3/23) شناسایی عوامل زمین ساختی (3/36) از جمله آسیب‌های مطرح از دیدگاه متخصصان و کارشناسان طرح هادی در استان مازندران می‌باشد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی نشان می‌دهد که عوامل تاثیرگذار در پیشبرد طرح‌های هادی روستایی در استان مازندران از دید متخصصان شامل سه بعد (اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محتوایی) در قالب 9 گویه می‌باشد. درنهایت راهکارهایی به منظور حل معضلات موجود، جهت بهبود اجرای طرح‌های هادی روستایی در منطقه پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

investigating the promoting and inhibiting factors of the rural guide plan from the point of view of experts in mazandaran province

today, villages, with their unique settlement patterns and human livelihoods, require organization and development considering their roles in countries’ economic and social aspects. for the preparation and implementation of the guide (hādi) plan as the most comprehensive and local rural development plan in iran, huge costs are spent, and this plan has had significant effects on the physical, social, and economic structure of rural settlements. the multi-dimensional effect of the preparation and implementation of this plan on the area of rural settlements and the communities settled in them doubles the necessity of the pathology of guide’s plan. therefore, the main goal of this research was to investigate the pathology of rural development plans with an emphasis on the rural guide plan and also the factors affecting the advancement of the rural guide plans, which was conducted as a case study in māzandarān province. the current research was descriptive-analytical; documentary research and a researcher-made questionnaire were used for data collection. the statistical population of the research was experts and specialists in the field of rural guide plan. the questionnaires were distributed among 30 of them. they were selected using snowball sampling. the pathological criteria of the studied rural development plans included (economic-social-environmental-psychological and content) in the form of 33 questions. results showed that the criteria of eradicating poverty (3.26), lack of people’s participation in the plan (2.93), not considering international laws (3.10), neglecting functions and activities (3.96), the role of private sector (3.46), common understanding of the issues (3.33), investment in the agricultural sector (3.23), identification of geological factors (3.36), are among the damages from viewpoint of experts of guide plan in māzandarān province. furthermore, according to experts, the results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the influential factors in advancing rural development projects in māzandarān province included three dimensions (economic, social, and content-related) within a framework of nine variables. ultimately, solutions are proposed to address existing challenges and improve the effectiveness of the rural guide plans in enhancing the quality of life for residents in the region. extended abstract introduction one of the characteristics of human settlements is their development and dynamism, which takes its morphology according to each settlement’s economic, social, political, and cultural conditions. rural development is a comprehensive and systemic concept that includes all aspects of the village’s economic, social, and cultural life, in addition to the construction and improvement of the village. ideal and purposeful planning in rural areas requires a comprehensive approach that considers and covers these features. in the past few decades, given the significance of rural development in the national development process, iranian villages have continuously seen relatively large changes in their lives and residents. in this regard, various approaches have been considered to achieve rural development goals, placing them at the center of attention. a qualitative approach has become widely prevalent in recent decades for critically analyzing various programs and projects. this approach is generally based on engaging stakeholders and transparently elucidating the actual dimensions and consequences of implementing development plans, including rural guide plans. pathology includes careful consideration of all systems in the investigation of individual problems. usually, problems and issues are diagnosed with pathology and then investigated.methodologythe aim of this study was applied that has been done using the descriptive-analytical method based on library sources and field studies using questionnaires. considering that little research has been done in this field, the opinions of professors and experts were used to confirm the validity of the questionnaire. cronbach’s alpha was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire (α=0.939), which showed the high reliability of the questionnaire. the statistical population included experts and specialists in the rural guide plan. this society included all the people (at māzandarān province) who had scientific expertise and executive experience in the preparation and implementation of guide plans. they included officials, senior managers, islamic revolution housing foundation experts, surveyors, consultants for preparing guide plans, contractors, consulting engineering companies, etc. the snowball sampling method was used to determine the sample size (the first sample determines the following sample in a chain), and 30 specialists of the guide plan were selected as the research sample.results and discussiona one-sample t-test was used to determine the impact of vulnerability indicators on the rural guide plan in māzandarān province. the test results were rejected because the significant value in most indicators was less than the standard level (0.05). as a result, hypothesis h1 is rejected at a confidence level of 95%, and h0, which implies a significant relationship between the indicators of vulnerability of rural development plans, was confirmed. unfortunately, in the rural guide plans, the people of the villages, as the owners of the village and the plan, have been neglected. regardless of the people’s wishes and rural potential, the plan is written by authorities holistically.