تبیین الگوی حکمروایی خوب سیستم‌های غذای پایدار شهری

مفهوم سیستم‌های غذایی به‌عنوان چارچوبی راهنما برای تفکر استراتژیک به سمت دستیابی به غذای متنوع، ایمن و مغذی برای همه، در فرایند سیاست‌های غذایی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. سیستم‌های غذایی شامل تمامی بازیگران و فعالیت‌ها در طول زنجیره‌های ارزش جهانی، از جمله عرضه‌ نهاده‌ها، تولید، فرآوری، توزیع، خرده‌فروشی، عمده‌فروشی، تهیه‌ غذا و مصرف مواد غذایی، همراه با تاثیرات آنها بر محیط‌ زیست، سلامت و جامعه است. تحقیق حاضر در زمره‌ی تحقیقات کیفی قرار دارد و مبتنی بر یافته‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌های گروه‌ دلفی است. تعداد کارشناسان 25 نفر انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد شاخص های حکمروایی خوب که از فرآیند تحقیق استخراج شدند، شامل مشارکت، قانونمندی، پاسخگویی، شفافیت، تاب‌آوری و انعطاف‌پذیری، کارایی و اثربخشی، عدالت، جهت‌گیری توافقی، آینده‌نگری و مسئولیت‌پذیری بوده است. مضامین مرتبط با حکمروایی خوب سیستم‌های غذای پایدار شهری در چهار بعد پایداری نهادی، پایداری زیست‌محیطی، پایداری اقتصادی و پایداری اجتماعی به‌ دست آمد. بنابراین ترکیب شاخص‌های حکمروایی خوب و مضامین پایداری سیستم‌های غذای شهری، پیامدهایی مانند امنیت غذایی پایدار، مباحثی مانند امور زیست‌محیطی (فرسایش خاک و ...)؛ تغذیه و سلامت؛ امور اقتصادی(کارآیی و ...) و امور اجتماعی(برابری و ...) را در پی خواهد داشت. نتیجه‌ تحقیق آن است که بدون کاربست حکمروایی خوب در مدیریت سیستم‌های غذایی، امکان برقراری عدالت و برابری غذایی و تحقق حق بر غذا وجود نخواهد داشت و سیاستگذاران در سطح جهانی، ملی و محلی با چالش‌های زیادی روبه‌رو خواهند شد. همچنین حکمروایی با سطح انعطاف‌پذیری و تاب‌آوری بالا، کارآمدترین شیوه‌ مدیریتی است که سیستم‌های غذای جهانی را می‌تواند اداره کند.

explaining the model of good governance of sustainable urban food systems

the concept of food systems as a guiding framework for strategic thinking towards achieving diverse, safe and nutritious food for all has been considered in the process of food policies. food systems include all actors and activities through global value chains, including input supply, production, processing, distribution, retail, wholesale, food preparation and consumption, along with their effects on the environment, health, and society. the present research was a qualitative research based on the findings of delphi group interviews. 25 experts were selected as the sample group. findings showed that the indicators of good governance that were extracted from the research process included participation, legality, accountability, transparency, resilience and flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness, justice, consensual orientation, foresight and responsibility. themes related to the good governance of sustainable urban food systems were obtained in four dimensions of institutional sustainability, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. therefore, the combination of good governance indicators and themes of sustainability of urban food systems, would lead to consequences such as sustainable food security, environmental issues (the erosion of soil, etc.), nutrition and health, economic affairs (efficiency, etc.), and social affairs (equality, etc.). results showed that without the application of good governance in the management of food systems, the establishment of food justice, equality and realize the right to food, and policy makers at the global, national and local levels would face many challenges. also, governance with a high level of flexibility and resilience is the most efficient management method that can manage global food systems. extended abstract introduction throughout history, food and the city have had a mutual relationship. food has shaped cities and influenced location, design, economics, and politics, and cities’ ability to secure food availability has determined their location. currently, the world is facing historic challenges related to food, nutrition, agriculture and environment. after making significant strides toward reducing hunger in the past decades, global progress has slowed down and, in some cases, it has been reversed. unequal access to nutritious food, high rates of malnutrition, including overweight/obesity and related health problems (e.g. cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension), unequal presence of infrastructure related to the food system, including markets and storage systems are only some partial problems facing sustainable food in the world. failure to address the challenges of urban food insecurity, rising food prices and low incomes would have serious unintended consequences for the global south and undermine efforts to achieve a sustainable urban future. also, food policy and governance are currently disrupted despite its important role in improving food security and public nutrition in many local and national contexts. more than ever, policymakers need to understand the usefulness of a comprehensive and systemic approach in designing food policies, as well as recognizing the benefits of exchanges and maximizing synergies. in the past decade, scientists and policymakers have called for the development of new governance for food systems to address the global challenges of food security, environmental change, and poverty reduction. one of the main drivers of this call was the global food price crises of 2007/2008 and 2010, which prompted researchers and policy makers to reflect on the deeper and more structural causes of the crisis. in the meantime, the global consensus is that the global food governance system is facing serious challenges and its consequences are the increase of the hungry and the poor all over the world. therefore, many are calling for fundamental changes in food systems to reduce climate change and improve the level of food security, food safety, environmental sustainability and equality. so that many researchers have emphasized the transition towards new food management in the world.methodologyin terms of the work process, the current research was in the category of qualitative research and is based on the findings of the delphi group interviews. the experts were asked to answer the open research questions. the purpose of creating the expert panel was to select experts with reliable knowledge about good governance and sustainable urban food systems and with different perspectives. after each expert agreed to participate in the study, a detailed description of the project was sent to them via email or whatsapp along with the research topic and possible questions. the experts were allowed to use the questions that they think would help the research process and solve the research problem, then they sent their answers to the researcher. the number of experts for this research was 25 people. the delphi method has some weaknesses, including dependence on the careful selection of expert participants, long time required for survey procedures, participant attrition, inability to easily handle inconsistency, and limited interaction among participants (keeney et al., 2010), researchers tried to control these weaknesses to a large extent. participants were selected by purposive sampling.