The Mediating Role of Neuro-Associative Conditioning and Gamification Techniques in Increasing Primary School Students' Lexical Development

Nowadays, lexical knowledge is essential for learning vocabulary among primary school students. primary students need to master a plethora of lexical techniques so as to be able in comprehending words’ meaning. this pretest-treatment-posttest true-experimental study aimed to compare the effect of the neuro associative conditioning (nac) technique in improving primary school students’ lexical development, and the aim of this study is to investigate whether gamification techniques are effective in improving primary school students’ lexical development and, finally, to examine the cumulative effect of nac and gamification techniques on enhancing primary school students’ lexical development. to do that, four intact classes including 30 primary school students in a private primary school in tehran were randomly assigned into one control and three experimental groups. the groups received the same amount of instruction, however differently, three receiving trance induction, guided imagery, and fling the teacher content generator game, respectively, and the other receiving traditional techniques (audio-visual and translation) instruction. the results showed that while receiving nac technique did not offer a statistically significant advantage over the typical classroom setting, benefitting from integration of nac and gamification techniques significantly improved the learners’ ability in lexical development. moreover, the result asserted the efficacy of gamification technique in improving lexical development among primary school students.