the necessity for modifying water resources planning based on water-energy-food-environment nexus to adapt to climate change; study area of gav-khuni basin, iran

Population growth and economic development led to an alteration in food demands on the global scale. climate change impacts exacerbate the status quo, where undeniable changes have occurred in the current temperature, rainfall, and agricultural water demands. accordingly, demands for water, food, and energy resources escalated, and the vital needs for a sustainable supply of these resources are inevitable. sustainable water resources planning can be established through the water-food-energy-environment nexus (wfeen) perspective. in this regard, a comprehensive and multidimensional appraisal process provided to fulfill the objectives, including a) examine the impacts of the decisions made in one system on other systems; b) including a wide range of economic, social, political, technological, and environmental benchmarks; and c) making practical plans to manage these resources successfully. the present study's primary objective was investigated in the gav-khuni basin, central iran, encompassing six individual irrigation districts. the water, food, energy, and environment component's component was thoroughly investigated during 30 years, 1990-2020. impressive results obtained included a) the agricultural water demands variation shows slight changes. however, a significant alteration appeared in the surface and groundwater resources in fulfilling the agricultural demands. accordingly, groundwater extraction increased from 538 to 1054 mcm, and the portion of surface water resources declined from 1054 to 829 mcm during the period. b) the number of tube-wells, included semi-deep and deep ones, have increased from15000 to 40000 within three decades. c) the energy consumption has increased around 200%, from 1102 to 2153 m kwh during the period. d) finally, this study's environmental degradation is not limited to groundwater concerns, increasing energy consumption and carbon emission, and the process of drying up the gav-khuni swamp is the primary concern in this study area. according to the results mentioned above, it is essential for modifying water resources planning, not only in the study area of this study, based on water-energy-food-environment nexus to adapt to the future changes due to climate change.

The Necessity for Modifying Water Resources Planning Based on Water-Energy-Food-Environment Nexus to Adapt to Climate Change; Study Area of Gav-Khuni Basin, Iran

Population growth and economic development led to an alteration in food demands on the global scale. Climate change impacts exacerbate the status quo, where undeniable changes have occurred in the current temperature, rainfall, and agricultural water demands. Accordingly, demands for water, food, and energy resources escalated, and the vital needs for a sustainable supply of these resources are inevitable. Sustainable water resources planning can be established through the Water-Food-Energy-Environment Nexus (WFEEN) perspective. In this regard, a comprehensive and multidimensional appraisal process provided to fulfill the objectives, including a) Examine the impacts of the decisions made in one system on other systems; b) including a wide range of economic, social, political, technological, and environmental benchmarks; and c) Making practical plans to manage these resources successfully. The present study's primary objective was investigated in the Gav-Khuni Basin, Central Iran, encompassing six individual irrigation districts. The Water, Food, Energy, and Environment component's component was thoroughly investigated during 30 years, 1990-2020. Impressive results obtained included a) the agricultural water demands variation shows slight changes. However, a significant alteration appeared in the surface and groundwater resources in fulfilling the agricultural demands. Accordingly, groundwater extraction increased from 538 to 1054 mcm, and the portion of surface water resources declined from 1054 to 829 mcm during the period. b) The number of tube-wells, included semi-deep and deep ones, have increased from15000 to 40000 within three decades. c) The energy consumption has increased around 200%, from 1102 to 2153 m KWh during the period. d) Finally, this study's environmental degradation is not limited to groundwater concerns, increasing energy consumption and carbon emission, and the process of drying up the Gav-Khuni swamp is the primary concern in this study area. According to the results mentioned above, it is essential for modifying water resources planning, not only in the study area of this study, based on water-energy-food-environment nexus to adapt to the future changes due to climate change.