تاثیر جریان ورودی سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر استراتژی تامین منابع بین المللی صنایع خدماتی ایران

امروزه افزایش اهمیت صنایع خدماتی و تجارت خدمات بین‌الملل منجر به افزایش رقابت در بخش خدمات شده است. برای بنگاه‌های خدماتی، گرایش‌های بین‌المللی قوی و رو به رشد، با وجود اینکه فرصت‌های کسب‌وکار را در بازارهای جدید جغرافیایی ارائه می‌دهد اما چالش‌های قابل‌توجهی نیز در ارتباط با رقابت شدید ایجاد می کند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر سرمایه‌گذاری داخلی رقبای خارجی بر استراتژی رقابت بنگاه‌های خدماتی داخل کشور در سطح بین‌المللی بر اساس اطلاعات صنایع خدماتی ایران طی دوره 1362-1394 پرداخته است. جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از روش اقتصادسنجی ardl خطی و غیرخطی استفاده‌شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از عدم وجود رابطه بلندمدت در چارچوب خطی می‌باشد. بنابراین با استفاده از چارچوب غیرخطی به بررسی وجود روابط بلندمدت پرداخته شد. یافته ها بیانگر تاثیر نامتقارن سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر تامین منابع بین المللی بنگاه های خدماتی می باشد  به عبارتی افزایش سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی باعث افزایش معنی داری در میزان واردات بخش خدمات شده ولی کاهش سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی تاثیر معنی‌دار و قویتری بر کاهش تامین منابع بین المللی توسط بنگاه های خدماتی داخلی داشته است. همچنین سهم بازار داخلی مطابق انتظارات تئوریکی تاثیر منفی بر استراتژی تامین منابع بین المللی بر بنگاه های خدماتی دارد ولی از نظر آماری معنی دار نمی باشد.

Influence of inflow of foreign direct investment on the international sourcing strategies in Iranian service sector

Introduction The service sector has long been recognized as an energizing force in the global economy and determinant of national livin standards (e.g., Riddle, 1986). Since the 1980s, a growing proportion of world trade is attributed to commercial service trade (WTO, 2013). Despite rising scholarly attention toward the service sector, the question of how service firms cope with the increased competitive pressures associated with internationalization remains unanswered. This study addresses this gap and explores to which extent international sourcing strategies are used by service firms as a means to contend with competition. To approach this question, we develop hypotheses on the effects of domestic and foreign competitive forces on international sourcing behavior of service firms. We empirically test our theoretical predictions using Time series dataset of Iran service firms. In the present research will be examined, the linear and nonlinear ARDL approach to the relationship between the share of domestic market and foreign direct investment with the amount of imports. The results of this study indicate that the decrease of foreign investment has had a significant and more effect on the economy compared to its increase, which could indicate weakness and lack of motivation of Iran’s service industries to improve service performance in the absence of external competitors.   MethodsIn this research, the linear and nonlinear ARDL approach for the period 13621394 will be examined to assess the impact of competition on international sources of resources in the service sector. To do this, we first examine the reliability of the variables and then the longterm relationship with the ARDL test is investigated. Findings and Argument Estimation of longterm coefficients: The results of estimating longrun coefficients are shown in Table (1). These coefficients show the significant effects of increasing and decreasing the import of service sectors on foreign direct investment and the share of the domestic market. According to the results, a one percent increase in foreign investment could lead to an increase of 0.7% in the import of services. On the other hand, a 1% reduction in foreign investment could lead to a 5.7% decrease in imports of services. The results of this study indicate that the decrease of foreign investment has had a significant and significant effect on the economy compared to its increase, which could indicate weakness and lack of motivation of Iran’s service industries to improve service performance in the absence of external competitors. The result for POS confirms that the international behavior of domestic competitors and the domestic investment of foreign competitors has had a positive impact on the decision of service providers in the international context. Also, a one percent increase in the share of domestic market and domestic inflation, respectively, resulted in a decrease of 0.64% and 15% in imports of services.   Table 1. Estimation of longterm parameters   Dependent variable   LIM Independent variables Coefficients prob Intercept 20/61 0/000 POS 0/75 0/008 NEG 5/07 0/007 Log Market Share 0/64 0/22 Log Inflation 0/15 0/48  Source: Research findings                                                               Conclusion Tracking resource strategies for service firms will increase the influence of the domestic market by Foreign Service firms. Such conflicts of foreign competitors on the domestic markets of the firm are alarming. As they show some of the benefits of foreign competitors more than the domestic one, enabling them to compete effectively in that market. Therefore, this study provides empirical evidence that domestic services, when faced with increasing competition with external competitors, change their value chain architecture in favor of input resources from external locations to compensate for some disadvantages. Our findings have important implications for managers. The market share proves that it is a decisive factor affecting an international service evaluation strategy. Using nonlinear framework, longterm relationships were investigated. Further, the findings indicate that the increase in direct foreign investment has increased the significance of the volume of imports of the services sector, while its reduction has significantly reduced the import volume in this sector in the Iranian economy. Therefore, policymakers should consider the nonlinear effects of direct foreign investment shocks, so that the policies developed can be able to maintain an environment favorable to competition and boost economic growth.