تکوین زیر میدان ادبی زنانه در دهۀ چهل شمسی

ﻣﯿﺪان ادﺑﯽ زﻧﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﺮان در دﻫﻪی ﭼﻬﻞ ﺷﻤﺴﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪی ﯾﮏ زﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﺪان ادﺑﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮر و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدتوارهﻫﺎی ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮان ﻣﯿﺪان ادﺑﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﯽﯾﺮﺑﻮردﯾﻮ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻮزهی ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮی زﯾﺮﻣﯿﺪان ادﺑﯽ زﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوغ ﻓﺮﺧﺰاد، ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻦ داﻧﺸﻮر، ﻃﺎﻫﺮه ﺻﻔﺎر زاده و ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﯿﻢ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺛﺎری ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ دﻫﻪ آﻓﺮﯾﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ، ﻋﺎدتواره و ﻣﻮﺿﻊﮔﯿﺮی ﮐﻪ دارﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﯿﺪان دﺳﺖزدهاﯾﻢ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺧﺰاد و داﻧﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﯿﺪان ادﺑﯽ زﻧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺎی دارﻧﺪ، ﺻﻔﺎرزاده در ﻗﻄﺐ اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ اﺳﻼم ﮔﺮا (ﻧﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ) ﻗﺮار دارد و ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ و ﻏﻨﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ادﺑﯽ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻮردی ﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﺧﺰاد را در اﯾﻦ دﻫﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮدﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﭼﻬﺮه ی ﺷﺎﻋﺮی، ﺣﺮﮐﺖ از رﻣﺎﻧﺘﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺳﻤﺒﻮﻟﯿﺴﻢ، ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻇﻠﻢ و ﺳﺘﻢ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﺑﯽ ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﯽ، ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﺧﻔﻘﺎن و ... اﺳﺖ .

the development of women’s literary subfield in iran in the 40s

the iranian women’s literary field was formed in the 1960s as a sub field of literature, which was the result of political, economic, and social changes in the country and the change in the habits of the actors of the literary field. in this research, according to pierre bourdieu’s approach, which is relevant in the field of sociology of cultural productions, we discussed how the female literary subfield was formed by forough farrokhzad, simin daneshvar, tahereh safarzadeh, and simin behbahani. the works they have created in this decade have also polarized the field due to the type of capital, habit and stance they have. the results of the research show that farrokhzad and daneshvar are in the center of the women’s literary field with modernism, safarzadeh is in the ideological pole of islamist (neo religious) and behbahani is seen in the direction of literary return with classical literature. in the following, we examined farrokhzad’s actions in this decade in a case by case manner, which includes changing the face of a poet, moving from romanticism to symbolism, depicting oppression in society, fighting injustice, depicting suffocation, etc..