بررسی جامعه شناختی پدیده رمزگردانی میان گیلکی و فارسی

تحقیق حاضر به بررسی جامعه‌شناختی پدیده‌ی رمزگردانی میان گیلکی و فارسی در گویشوران گیلانی پرداخته است. داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌ی محقق ساخته از 182 گویشور دوزبانه‌ی گیلکی-فارسی شهر رشت جمع‌آوری شده است. در این پژوهش درچارچوب تحلیل حوزه‌ای فیشمن (1972)، رابطه‌ی متغیرهای جامعه‌شناختی سن، جنسبت و تحصیلات و متغیر روانشناختی نگرش افراد با میزان رمزگردانی گیلکی-فارسی درحوزه‌های مختلف کاربرد زبان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتابج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که رمزگردانی میان گیلکی و فارسی در دو حوزه‌ی خانواده و دوستی بیشتر صورت می‌گیرد. همچنین گویشوران دوزبانه‌ی زن نسبت به مردان بیشتر از رمزگردانی در مکالمات خود استفاده ‌می‌کنند و افراد جوان‌تر و تحصیل‌کرده‌تر به دلیل تمایل بیشتر در استفاده از زبان فارسی بیشتر گرابش به رمزگردانی گیلکی-فارسی دارند. همچنین نتابج تحقیق نشان‌ می‌دهد بین دو عامل نگرش افراد به رمزگردانی و میزان استفاده از رمزگردانی در تمامی محیط‌های کاربردی یک رابطه مثبت قوی وجود دارد. به طوری که هرقدر نگرش یک فرد به رمزگردانی مثبت‌تر باشد، به همان نسبت در مکالمات خود از پدیده رمزگردانی بیشتر استفاده می‌کند.

the sociolinguistic study of gilaki-persian code-switching

code-switching refers to an unconscious alternation from one language to another within the same conversation (gumperz, 1982). code-switching studies, often conducted from linguistic, psychological or sociological perspectives, has been the center of attention in recent decades and with the increase in bilingualism in different societies, the detailed and multi-perspective analysis of this phenomenon has been felt more than before and most of the studies in this field have taken an interdisciplinary nature. in the framework of sociolinguistics and language psychology, code-switching studies, investigate their relationship with components such as age, gender, and education level of language speakers, the domain of language use, and people's attitude toward code-switching. considering the fact that the study of code-switching patterns in a bilingual society can indicate the change pattern and the extent of use of language varieties in a society, it is necessary to study code-switching patterns in a bilingual society like gilaki-persian bilingual community. these kinds of studies from a sociolinguistic perspective will indicate: how common is the simultaneous use of two language varieties among gilani speakers in their speech and language communication? and is there a difference between members of this bilingual community with different social classes and their code-switching patterns? for this purpose, by using quantitative and qualitative methods, we have tried to answer the following questions: 1. what is the relationship between the level of code-switching among bilingual speakers of gilaki and farsi, and the sociological variables of these speakers, such as their age, gender, and level of education? 2- in which social domains code-switching between gilaki and farsi take place more often? and 3- what effect does the language speakers' attitude towards code-switching have on their code-switching behavior?materials and methodsthe participants of this research were 182 bilingual speakers living in rasht including 105 women and 77 men. all of the participants had gilak origins; meaning that their parents had been living in gilan and they mastered both gilaki and farsi. the sample population was from different age groups and different levels of education. the sampling method was semi-random and the subjects were selected according to their willingness to participate in the research. in the current research, a questionnaire was used to collect data from the target population. the questionnaire used in the current research is a researcher-made questionnaire that was compiled using research related to the research topic. specifically, the fishman model (1972) was used in the preparation of the questionnaire in the section devoted to the language use domains, and the criteria of deville and way (2014) were used to construct the items related to the speaker’ attitude towards code-switching. the questionnaire was organized based on a five-item likert scale (including: very little (1), little (2), somewhat (3), a lot (4) and very much (5)). the questionnaire was organized in three sections. in the first part, the social variables of participants (age, gender and education) and their proficiency in gilaki and farsi languages have been evaluated. in the second part, the issues related to the amount of use of code-switching in different language domains are discussed. in the third part of the questionnaire, the data related to people's attitudes towards code-switching was evaluated.