consequences of carbon disclosure in indonesian company: requires adequate regulations

Previous research found that companies that fail to mitigate carbon emissions will make higher carbon disclosures than companies that successfully mitigate carbon emissions, and companies will also make decisions that are relevant to applicable regulations and policies. this research will explore the stakeholder perspective in assessing the company. this stakeholder perspective will determine whether more adequate regulations are needed to address the problem of greenwashing and stakeholder protection. this research will also explore whether the transparency of carbon information carried out by companies is directly proportional to the accountability for mitigating carbon emissions and whether current environmental regulations are able to motivate companies to mitigate environmental pollution. the results of the study found carbon emission disclosures have a positive effect on financial performance. carbon emission disclosure has a positive effect on green innovation. carbon emission disclosure has a negative effect on the cost of debt. the period of ratification of presidential regulation no.98 can strengthen the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and financial performance as measured by return on equity (roe), but not with financial performance as measured by tobin’s q. the period of ratification of presidential regulation no.98 can strengthen the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and green innovation. the period of ratification of presidential regulation no.98 has no effect on the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and the cost of debt.