effect of fdi, r & d, and high-tech exports on real gross domestic product (gdp) of pakistan and canada over the period of 1982-2011

Innovation is coming from new knowledge, and new technology. the author select these two countries because canada has a very strong innovative economy, while pakistan is not so strong. the study concludes that foreign direct investment, r&d, and high-tech exports have a positive impact on economic growth, and the results show a significant positive impact on gdp, in the case of canada. while in pakistan this influence is not significant due to some internal problems that pakistan faces like a low rate of domestic investment, political instability, less investment in higher education. therefore, the comparison can be useful in adapting canada’s innovation policy for pakistan.