Examining the effects of components of Economic Resistance from the Imam's Ali(as) point of view(system dynamics approach)

Economists and governments all agree on the dynamic importance of foreign trade as the main lever of economic growth and development. the economic literature shows that countries that interact with the world usually have high economic growth and grow faster. on the other hand, powerful countries use economic sanctions and trade wars as an economic tool to impose their conditions on other countries to achieve desired outcomes. in other words, economic sanctions are used as an alternative weapon instead of going to war. due to large-scale globalization in the 21st century, the economies and trade of countries become more interconnected. trade between iran and afghanistan is also disrupted by economic sanctions through various channels. this paper presents an empirical analysis of the impact of economic sanctions on trade between iran and afghanistan in the period 2004-2018 by using fully modified least-squares technique. economic sanctions have been used as a dummy variable in the model. findings of the research show that the imposition of any strong economic sanctions, in the long run, not only during the sanctions period but also in the post-sanctions period, has increased trade between iran and afghanistan. on the other hand, weak sanctions during the sanctions period have reduced trade, however, weak sanctions in the post-sanctions period have increased trade between iran and afghanistan. development of trade cooperation between the two countries, facilitation of trade affairs and expansion of joint regional and international cooperation should be on the agenda of economic policymakers in iran and afghanistan.