effect of platelet rich fibrin (prf) and hydroxyapatite from eggshells to tgfβ and alp in the healing of rat bone defects

Biomaterials, such as hydroxyapatite and platelet-rich fibrin (prf), are increasingly used in orthopedic treatments due to their beneficial properties. hydroxyapatite offers osteoconduction, osteointegration, and osteoinduction, while prf expedites bone healing. this study aims to assess the impact of hydroxyapatite derived from eggshells and prf on bone healing in wistar rats. a post-test only control group experimental study was conducted on wistar rats, divided into five groups: normal (n), control (k), hydroxyapatite-filled bone defect (p1), prf (p2), and prf-hydroxyapatite (p3). the subjects underwent immunohistochemical analysis of bone healing biomarkers, including tgfβ and alp. mean expressions of each variable were compared using one-way anova. hydroxyapatite and prf significantly increased alp expression (p<0.05). tgfβ expression increased with prf and hydroxyapatite, although not statistically significant (p>0.05). the combination of prf and hydroxyapatite from eggshells can enhance the bone healing process in rat models with bone defects.