thrombin activatable fibriolysis inhibitor (tafi), tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Fibrinolysis disorder is one of the triggers for complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (tafi) is an enzyme that inhibits fibrinolysis by removing the c-terminal lysine residue. tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai-1) also play roles in regulating the fibrinolytic system. tpa is an enzyme responsible for activating plasminogen into plasmin, while pai-1 is the main inhibitor of tpa activity. this study aims to analyze the differences in tafi, tpa, and pai-1 levels in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.this study is a comparative cross-sectional study on controlled and uncontrolled type 2 dm patients. the uncontrolled group consists of those with an hba1c ≥7%, while controlled group has hba1c <7%. the method used to measure tafi, tpa, and pai-1 levels is sandwich elisa. the differences in tafi, tpa, and pai-1 levels between groups were analyzed. the total samples of controlled and uncontrolled type 2 dm were 60, with a median age of 55 years. this study found no difference in tafi levels between both groups (159.15 vs. 166.25 ng/ml, p=0.255). the tpa and pai-1 levels were higher in uncontrolled dm, (13.45 vs. 11.3 ng/ml, p=0.025, and 3.36 vs. 2.62 ng/ml, p=0.001, respectively). there was also a significant difference in the median of the tpa/pai-1 ratio between the two groups, 4.49 in the controlled group vs. 4.01 in the uncontrolled group (p=0.044).