andaliman extract (zanthoxylum acanthopodium dc) has beneficial effects on the fibrinolytic system, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and improves the histopathological features of spiral artery in preeclampsia

Pregnancy-related hypertension is a major factor in the development of preeclampsia, a disorder characterized by impaired trophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries, placental hypoxia or ischemia, and oxidative stress. excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen species induce lipid peroxidation, leading to endothelial damage and decreased nitric oxide (no) production, while also disrupting prostaglandin function. inflammatory mediators such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) and pentraxin 3 (ptx3) are reported to be dysregulated in preeclampsia. andaliman fruit (zanthoxylum acanthopodium dc), known to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and fibrinolytic properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of andaliman extract on spiral artery histology, pai-1, ptx3, and no levels in a preeclampsia rat model. pregnant wistar rats (rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups: negative control (nc), positive control (pc), treatment groups t1 (aspilet 1.35 mg), t2 (100 mg andaliman extract), and t3 (200 mg andaliman extract). a posttest only control group design was employed. results showed significant decreases in pai-1 levels (pc vs. t1: 9.278 vs. 6.194, p=0.006; pc vs. t2: 9.278 vs. 6.063, p=0.004), ptx3 levels (pc vs. t2: 77.306 vs. 53.126, p=0.002; pc vs. t3: 77.306 vs. 51.693, p<0.001), and an increase in no levels (pc vs. t1: 0.309 vs. 0.820, p=0.011). histological observations revealed that andaliman extract improved spiral artery remodeling, while aspilet showed only partial antioxidant and fibrinolytic effects. in conclusion, andaliman extract demonstrates anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and fibrinolytic activities and effectively improves spiral artery structure in preeclampsia, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate.