effectiveness of andaliman extract (zanthoxylum acanthopodium dc) on tnf-α, caspase-3, apoptosis inducing factor, malondialdehyde levels in rattus norvegicus hemorrhagic stroke model

Hemorrhagic stroke is one of the leading causes of neurological disability involving inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis as damaging mechanisms. andaliman (zanthoxylum acanthopodium) contains flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity. this is experimental study with a post-test control group design using four groups of male rattus norvegicus rats: normal control, positive control (hemorrhagic stroke), t1 (hemorrhagic stroke+ andaliman extract 300 mg/kg) and t2 (hemorrhagic stroke + andaliman extract 400 mg/kg). tnf-α, and mda levels were measured by elisa, while caspase -3 and aif expression by ihc. all data were evaluated for normality using the shapiro-wilk test and were found to be non-normally distributed. consequently, data are presented as median and interquartile range (iqr). differences between the four groups for all parameters (tnf-α, caspase-3, aif, and mda) were analyzed using the kruskal-wallis test. when a statistically significant difference was found, dunn's post hoc test was applied for pairwise comparisons. a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. significant differences were found between groups for all parameters (tnf-α p= 0.0026; caspase-3 p= 1.5 × 10-5; aif p= 3.8 × 10-6; mda p= 0.0012). andaliman extract at dose 300 mg/kg dose significantly decreased all of the parameters compared to the positive control (p < 0.05). the andaliman extract has the potential to be an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective agent in hemorrhagic stroke model in rats. the protective effect was more consistent at a dose of 300 mg/kg for inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters.