analysis of adipose stem cell administration in spinal cord injury with preclinical evaluation for spinal cord tissue regeneration

Spinal cord injury (sci) is a severe neurological disorder with limited therapeutic options, often leading to permanent deficits. adipose-derived stem cells (ascs) are promising for regeneration due to their minimally invasive harvest, high proliferation, and secretion of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors that modulate the injury microenvironment. this study evaluated the efficacy of ascs in neurological recovery and tissue regeneration after sci. thirty-two adult male wistar rats (200–250 g) underwent t10–t12 compression injury using a yasargil aneurysm clip (150 kdyne, 60 s). the treatment group received intralesional injections of human ascs (1×10⁶ cells/ml in pbs); controls received pbs. motor function was assessed using the basso–beattie–bresnahan (bbb) score, sensory recovery via tail flick latency, and histopathological changes with h&e staining and a modified butterfield scale over 28 days. asc-treated rats showed higher motor scores from day 7 (6.81 ± 1.80 vs. 4.38 ± 1.63; p = 0.007) and near-normal scores at day 28 (21.0 vs. 17.5). sensory function improved earlier in the treatment group (tail flick latency: 3.50 ± 1.95 vs. 6.84 ± 2.57 on day 14; p < 0.05). histology revealed less demyelination, inflammation (pmn infiltration: 2.37 ± 0.82 vs. 4.28 ± 0.29), and neuronal degeneration. intralesional asc therapy significantly improved motor and sensory recovery while promoting histological repair in sci rats, supporting its potential as a regenerative treatment. further studies should refine delivery strategies and assess long-term safety.