network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis of phytoestrogens in vigna unguiculata for menopause treatment via interactions with erα, erβ, egfr, col1a1, and nos3

Estrogen plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining energy homeostasis throughout a woman’s life, including growth, development, reproduction, and aging. during menopause, estrogen deficiency disrupts metabolic signaling and significantly reduces bioenergy, contributing to various health issues. phytoestrogens offer a promising alternative to hormone replacement therapy (hrt), which carries long-term risks when used as a standard treatment. to assess vigna unguiculata phytoestrogen compounds as an alternative estrogen replacement therapy for menopause. to treat menopause safely and effectively, the approach involves tissue pharmacology and molecular docking analysis of key target proteins such as er-α, er-β, egfr, and col1a1. the focus is on molecular interaction mechanisms. four active phytoestrogen compounds in v. unguiculata were analyzed using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. this included bioactivity analysis (quantitative structure-activity relationship, qsar), absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (admet) profiling, protein target prediction (cross-target), gene ontology (go) enrichment, graph topological network construction, mode of action analysis, and molecular docking with target proteins. v. unguiculata phytoestrogen chemicals as daidzein, genistein, quercetin, and kaempferol may alleviate menopausal symptoms without estrogen hormone replacement. through network pharmacology and molecular docking studies, drugs were found to interact with major target proteins such er α and β, egfr, and col1a1. phytoestrogens from v. unguiculata, especially daidzein and genistein, have potential as alternative therapies for menopause, and may be further developed as estrogen replacement treatments.