𝐼𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑜 and 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜 studies of mitragynine isolated from kratom leaves (𝑀𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑦𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑎) on targeting breast cancer apoptosis by activating caspase-3

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease, which is a significant health issue that is attributed to non-communicable diseases, in particular global. however, cancer treatment medications have limitations, such as poor selectivity, which lowers their effectiveness. alkaloid group chemicals found in kratom have cytotoxic properties. the purpose of this study was to isolate the alkaloid compound from kratom leaf and investigate possible apoptosis and caspase-3 mechanisms in breast cancer cells. mitragynine is an alkaloid chemical obtained using radial chromatography isolation and structural elucidation using nmr, ftir, and uplc-ms. the ic50 value for mitragynine’s cytotoxic action on t47d cells is 63.80 μg/ml. the double staining tests for ao and eb showed that cells had entered apoptosis. flow cytometry demonstrated 90.7% caspase-3 activation, which led to early and late apoptosis induction of 13.33% and 62.60%, respectively.  molecular docking outcomes with binding energies of -8.24 kcal/mol for er-α and -7.50 kcal/mol for caspase-3, mitragynine’s interaction with these two proteins demonstrated significant promise as an anti-breast cancer medication.