peripheral circulatory concentration of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (srage) and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) as biomarkers for congenital heart disease in children with and without down syndrome

In congenital heart disease and down syndrome, inflammatory cytokines such as tnf-α increase. in contrast, rage is a multi-ligand cell surface receptor mediating inflammation in many diseases. soluble rage (srage) has been well studied for its potential as a decoy for rage. this study aims to evaluate the potential of both srage and tnf-α biomarkers for chd in both ds and non-ds children.we performed an analytic descriptive study utilizing a cross-sectional design. blood samples were drawn from patients attending the child-health outpatient clinics of dr. sardjito hospital that adhered to our inclusion criteria. variables were presented using 95% ci and a p-value of <0.05. a roc was performed to evaluate the potential of both srage and tnf-α as biomarkers. twenty-seven chd patients were included, consisting of 13 (48.1%) ds and 14 (51.9%) non-ds children. the area under the curve (auc) of srage and tnf-α to assess chd in ds was 0.692 (95% ci 1.11 - 4.89) and 0.621 (95% ci 1.58 - 4.78), respectively. an optimal cut-off point of 357.5 pg./ml (sensitivity 53.8%, specificity 85.7%) was determined for srage and 113.55 ng/l (sensitivity 38.5%, specificity 100%) for tnf-α in ds children. both srage and tnf-α have the potential to be utilized as biomarkers of chd, especially for children with ds.