molecular detection of genetic diversity of foot-and-mouth disease virus [fmdv] of recent outbreak in iraq

Foot-and-mouth disease [fmd] is an economically devastating, transboundary, and very contagious viral animal infection that influence cloven-hoofed animals. this study was conducted during the period from may- 2022 to april - 2023, aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of foot and mouth disease virus [fmdv] of the recent outbreak in iraq. one hundred and one [101] sample of epithelial tissue were collected from buccal cavity of cattle and buffaloes in some iraqi governorates. samples were tested by real time rt-qpcr for detection of fmdv, the result revealed sixty-three sample were positives for fmdv, and then conventional pcr was carried out for detecting the virus serotypes based on the endemic circulating serotype [o, a, and asia1] of the last outbreak in iraq using specific primers, the result found that all samples negative for these serotypes. accoridngly, some of these samples were sent to the sap institute in turkey and diagnosed as sat2 serotype then confirmed by pirbright institute in/uk. conventional- pcr and rt- qpcr applied to diagnose and confirmed all samples, the outcome revealed that all samples were positive for sat2. phylogenetic analysis the of vp1 sequence performed for 11 samples the product showed that recent outbreak caused by serotype sat2 and topotype xiv nearly similar to jor serotype 99% and eth/2/2022 98%.