impact of electric field exposure on p53 and tnf-α in glioblastoma: an in vivo rat model study

Glioblastoma is a primary malignant brain tumor with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. tnf-α and p53 play significant roles in glioblastoma formation. this experimental in vivo study used a post-test-only control group design to investigate the effects of electro capacitive cancer treatment (ecct) on tnf-α and p53 expression in glioblastoma. glioblastoma cell lines were exposed to ecct at intensities of 30-50 vpp and a frequency of 100 khz for 24 and 72 hours. results showed that varying ecct intensity did not affect tnf-α and p53 expression. however, low-intensity electrostatic exposure reduced tnf-α levels compared to the control group, while p53 expression remained unchanged.