bacteriology and antibiotic resistance in pediatric rhinosinusitis in vietnam

This study aims to investigate the bacteriology of pediatric rhinosinusitis and assess patterns of antibiotic resistance. from july 2014 to october 2022, the study encompassed clinical evaluations of children under 16 years old diagnosed with rhinosinusitis, alongside endoscopic-guided cultures of otitis media, at the national otorhinolaryngology hospital of vietnam. this facilitated the identification of pathogens and subsequent antibiogram assessments. this study involved 420 pediatric patients diagnosed with rhinosinusitis and bacterial cultures identified several prevalent pathogens. haemophilus influenzae emerged as the most frequently isolated bacterium, accounting for 42.4% of cases, followed by staphylococcus aureus at 16.9%, and streptococcus pneumoniae at 14.6%. for haemophilus influenzae (n=133), a significant resistance was observed against ampicillin (131 cases, 98.5%). however, the isolates exhibited susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (131 cases, 98.5%), ciprofloxacin (132 cases, 99.2%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (133 cases, 100%). staphylococcus aureus (n=53) exhibited high resistance rates, particularly against penicillin (50 cases, 94.3%), ceftriaxone (49 cases, 92.5%), and cefotaxime (49 cases, 92.5%). however, the isolates showed notable susceptibility to vancomycin, clindamycin, linezolid, and doxycycline. streptococcus pneumoniae (n=46) displayed varying resistance patterns, with remarkable susceptibility to vancomycin. complete resistance was observed against erythromycin (46 cases) and azithromycin (46 cases). this study underscores the prevalence of haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus pneumoniae in pediatric rhinosinusitis cases. the observed antibiotic resistance profiles emphasize the imperative for judicious antibiotic selection, the notable susceptibility of certain isolates was considered to key antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin.