optimization of reaction parameters for 5,5’-methylenebis (salicylaldehyde) synthesis using sonochemical approach

Maximizing the yield of synthesizing compounds is as a serious production concern. therefore, developing a new and more effective synthesis method is necessary for practicable research. in this study, a novel approach was described to the synthesis of 5,5’-methylenebis (salicylaldehyde) (mbs) using a sonochemical technique. response surface methodology (rsm) under design of experiments (doe) using central composite design (ccd) was developed to acquire a high yield through optimizing three practicable parameters. the quadratic model resulting from processing analysis of variance (anova) showed a good agreement between the experimental and predicted responses, as (r2 values of 0.9970 with adjusted and predicted r2 values of 0.9944 and 0.9806, respectively) implying good conformity between predicted and experimental values. the highest yield (19.3%) approach was obtained after 8 hours at 80 °c with a s:f ratio = 1.4%. furthermore, the characterization, such as ftir, 1h-nmr, 13cnmr, and ei-mass spectrometry results support the mbs structure achieved through the sonochemical method.