بحران سوریه و تقابل دو راهبرد متفاوت ایران و ترکیه در مدیریت بحران در منطقۀ غرب آسیا

ﮐﺸﻮرﺳﻮرﯾﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﯾﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ، ﻟﺒﻨﺎن، ﻋﺮاق و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟ ّﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ آﻏﺎز ﺑﺤﺮان و ﺟﻨﮓ داﺧﻠﯽ در ﺳﻮرﯾﻪ، ﻗﺪرتﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪای و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻓﻌّﺎل ﺳﻌﯽ در ﻧﻘﺶآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ در ﺣﻞّ وﻓﺼﻞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮان ﻓﻌّﺎل در ﺑﺤﺮان ﺳﻮرﯾﻪ را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ دو ﺑﺨﺶ؛ ﻗﺪرتﻫﺎی ﻃﺮﻓﺪار ﺣﻔﻆ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد(ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﯾﺮان، ﻋﺮاق، ﺣﺰب اﻟﻠﻪ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن و روﺳﯿﻪ) و ﻗﺪرتﻫﺎی ﻃﺮﻓﺪار ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد(ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ، ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن، اﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ و آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ) ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮐﺮد. اﻣّﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ در ﺑﺤﺮان ﺳﻮرﯾﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥﻧﻮواﻗﻊﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ دو ﺷﺎﺧﮥآن ﯾﻌﻨﯽ واﻗﻊﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺗﺪاﻓﻌﯽ و ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛّﺮ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ در ﺑﺤﺮان ﺳﻮرﯾﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؟ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از اﯾﻦﮐﻪ؛ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﯾﺮان در ﺑﺤﺮان ﺳﻮرﯾﻪ از ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺪاﻓﻌﯽ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﺸﺎراﺳﺪ و ﺣﻔﻆ وﺿﻊﻣﻮﺟﻮد، در راﺳﺘﺎی ﻣﻬﺎر ﻧﻔﻮذ اﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻞ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ؛ درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ در ﺑﺤﺮان ﺳﻮرﯾﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿّﺮ و ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و از ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ وﺿﻊﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺸﺎراﺳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺪاﻓﻌﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎری و ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﮐﺎری ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺂنﻫﺎی و اﺳﻨﺎدی ﺑﺎ روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺎرش در آﻣﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪةﻋﻠﻤﯽ و دﻗﯿﻖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، از روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻈﺮی ﻧﻮواﻗﻊﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The role of the Syrian crisis in diverging IranTurkey relations: Confronting two different strategies in crisis management in the Middle East region

The present article seeks to study Iran’s and Turkey’s foreign policy approach in the Syrian crisis based on the theory of neorealism, focusing on its two branches: defensive and aggressive realism. This paper seeks to answer the fundamental question of what factors have influenced the IranianTurkish foreign policy approach in the Syrian crisis? The supposition to answer this question is that Iran’s foreign policy in the Syrian crisis is based on maintaining Bashar alAssad, preserving statusquo, fighting terrorist groups, supporting peaceful solutions to the crisis, while Turkey’s foreign policy is based on changing statusquo in Syria, By overrule Bashar alAssad and supporting the terrorist groups and supporting the opponents of Bashar alAssad. In this paper, from library and documentary reference are utilized with descriptiveanalytic research methodology to explaining the subject. In this paper, from library and documentary reference are utilized with descriptiveanalytic research methodology to explaining the subject. . .