The Mediating Effect of Perceived Risk on the Relationship between Physical Incivilities and Health in Residential Areas

Previous studies have linked incivilities to public health, but varied in outcomes and methods used. the present study examined perceived risk as a potential mediator of the relationship between perceptions of physical incivilities and self-rated health in a multi-ethnic residential neighbourhood. a sample of 241 residents in penang, malaysia was analysed by using structural equation modelling. results demonstrated that respondents with high levels of perceived incivilities likewise exhibited high tendencies to report frequent feelings of risk in their neighbourhood environment. results also indicated that physical incivilities and perceived risk had negative impacts on health outcomes. findings further suggest the mediating effect of perceived risk on the relationship between physical incivilities and health, implying the direct and indirect negative effects of physical disorder on health. this study concludes by highlighting incivility-reduction strategies that can be applied in disorderly areas.