the effect of linear and non-linear training and constraints on the perception-action coupling of football players

Background: pedagogy methods are used by applying constraints and perceptual skills to analyze the factors that play a key role in the performance of football players. objectives: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of linear and non-linear pedagogy and constraints on the perception-action coupling (p-ac) of football players. methods: the research method was semi-experimental. seventy male undergraduate students of urmia university were randomly divided into seven equal groups of pedagogy using style e tactical (set), play practice (pp), game sense (gs), set with constraints, pp with constraints, gs with constraints, and traditional methods. the participants were evaluated in the four stages of pre-test, post-test, retention and transfer test in the variable of p-ac and actual target area (ata). results: the results showed that the non-linear pedagogy groups had significant progress in the parameters of p-ac and ata from the pre-test to transfer. also, there is a significant difference between the non-linear and traditional pedagogy groups in the variables of p-ac and ata. the non-linear groups performed better than the traditional group in the transfer phase. conclusions: therefore, the use of non-linear pedagogy in football training can be useful for the development of perceptual skills.