modification of polyamide thin film-based membranes for water separation: a review

Polyamide thin film composite (pa tfc) membrane has been widely used in water organic contaminant removal due to its high permeability and compatibility. pervaporation process using pa tfc membranes are highly effective due to their strong selectivity, which allows accurate separation of organic pollutants. they are also energy efficient, as they can operate at lower temperatures, and they decrease the risk of damaging sensitive contaminants through heat. however, polyamide membranes still need to be improved to withstand different operating conditions, such as high temperatures and strong chemicals. these improvements focus on increasing water flux, rejection rate, and resistance to fouling. modifying and functionalizing the helps control surface properties and adds new functions like making the surface more hydrophilic or changing its charge. this article provides a overview of recent methods for modifying pa tfc membranes, explains how water moves through the membrane, and discusses the physical and chemical effects of these modifications on the ability to remove organic contaminants. the review aims to show the role of interfacial polymerization in designing and customizing membrane for tailoring of membrane network to improve its performance during pervaporation process.