biotechnological solutions for air pollution mitigation: a comprehensive review

Air pollution poses significant adverse effects on all living organisms, highlighting the critical need for effective strategies to control, reduce, and eliminate air pollutants. biological methods have emerged as a preferred approach due to their cost-effectiveness, environmental compatibility, and low energy requirements. these methods leverage living microorganisms or plant cells, integrated with advanced technologies, to mitigate air pollution. this review explores various bioreactors and biological filters, evaluating their advantages and limitations in removing hazardous air pollutants. it also examines traditional methods, highlighting their shortcomings, and identifies specific types of living cells suitable for pollutant removal applications. the findings demonstrate that biological methods are highly effective and versatile for eliminating diverse air pollutants in both indoor and outdoor environments.