molecular mechanisms of polyphenols in skin cancer therapy: advances and future perspectives

Globally, skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, is a significant health concern that requires the development of novel therapeutic strategies. natural remedies and polyphenols are being studied as potential therapeutics for skin cancer. the chemopreventive properties of phytocompounds and polyphenols against skin cancer metastasis are discussed in this study. polyphenols such as anthocyanins, egcg, punicalagin, quercetin, resveratrol, and theaflavin have chemopreventive properties and are primarily studied for their treatment of melanoma. this review also discusses recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the anticancer properties of natural compounds, specifically polyphenols. these effects are caused by changes in pathways such as egfr/mapk, mtor/pi3k/akt, jak/stat, fak/rtk2, pge-2/vegf, and pge-1/erk/hif-1α. these changes are also influenced by signals such as nf-κb, bim, bax, bcl-2, bcl-x, bim, puma, noxa, ils, and mmps. this study focuses on how these factors can impact crucial signaling pathways such as oxidative stress, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation linked to cancer development. the study explores the potential of polyphenols in conjunction with traditional treatments to enhance patient outcomes and minimize side effects. polyphenols' chemopreventive actions against skin carcinogenesis and metastasis, involving numerous signaling pathways, indicate their potential for developing new anti-skin cancer therapeutic approaches. future research should focus on preclinical and clinical studies to validate the efficacy and safety of natural remedies and polyphenols in combating skin cancer.