a mini-review of mxenes in biomedicine: from synthesis to revolutionary applications

The discovery of a new class of two-dimensional (2d) materials known as mxene was a significant breakthrough. due to its remarkable properties, it has sparked extensive discussion and enabled countless applications across various fields. due to the toxic nature of hf acid used in the pioneered etching method for mxene synthesis, researchers have been proposing alternative etching strategies to prevent the toxicity associated with hf acid. in addition, various applications require mxene with specific properties such as termination groups, defects-free, and large or small flake sizes, as a result, this accounts for exploring and developing various strategies to achieve the desired properties. this mini-review provides an idea about the general overview of mxene, and synthesis strategies. it highlights multiple applications in biomedical technologies like antibacterial properties, radical scavenging, drug delivery, bone regeneration, etc. the unique features of mxene are the major reasons that attract its application in biomedical technologies even though biomedical applications of mxene are not as explored and studied as energy-related applications, especially energy storage devices. however, various studies that reported the biomedical-related applications of mxene have revealed the potential of the mxene family in shaping the future of biomedical technologies. after reviewing the literature, this study explored the various biomedical applications of mxene, and its composites reported in several research articles to give a brief insight into the existing synthesis methods and biomedical applications of mxene.