قدرت نرم چین و راهبرد آن در غرب آسیا

ظهور اقتصادی روزافزون چین سبب ایجاد حساسیت در افکار عمومی جهان نسبت به ماهیت توسعه این کشور شده است. چینی‌ها تلاش کرده‌اند با کاربست تمامی ابزارهای موجود، رویه‌های نگران‌کننده این‌چنینی را خاتمه دهند و در پی ارائه تصویری صلح‌آمیز از خود باشند. در این مسیر، یکی از مهم‌ترین ابزارهای دیپلماتیک پکن، استفاده از منابع قدرت نرم و ابزارهای آن در سیاست‌های توسعه‌ای خود بوده است. این مقاله با تحلیل مفهوم قدرت نرم و بررسی مبانی آن در روابط بین‌الملل آغاز می‌شود و در ادامه مولفه‌های قدرت نرم در نسخه چینی آن را بررسی می‌کند. سوال اصلی مقاله این است که غرب آسیا چه جایگاهی در راهبرد قدرت نرم چین دارد و از چه منابعی برای تحقق اهداف خود در این منطقه استفاده می‌کند؟ در پاسخ به سوال اصلی، فرضیه مقاله این است که نسخه چینی قدرت نرم تفاوت‌های قابل‌توجهی با ایده نخستین مدل آمریکایی دارد. درواقع چینی‌ها نسخه آمریکایی قدرت نرم را وارد کرده و آن را با توانمندی‌ها، ظرفیت‌ها و فلسفه سیاسی خود تعدیل، تقویت و به‌عبارتی داخلی‌سازی کرده‌‌اند. ردپای قدرت نرم چین در غرب آسیا در سه حوزه قابل‌ردیابی است: منبع اول قدرت نرم این کشور در غرب آسیا، ماهیت فرهنگی دارد. منبع دوم به قدرت نرم سیاسی مربوط است که ازطریق سیاست «میانجی‌گری» و با تکیه بر «بن‌مایه‌های ایدئولوژیک کنفوسیوسیسی» اعمال می‌شود. منبع سوم نیز به قدرت نرم اقتصادی چین برمی‌گردد و ازطریق سه ابزار «تبادلات انرژی»، «سرمایه‌گذاری‌های خارجی» و ابتکار «کمربند-راه» محقق می‌شود. روش پژوهش در تحقیق حاضر، توصیفی- تحلیلی است و از داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای برای گردآوری داده‌ها استفاده شده است.

china’s power and its strategy in west asia

the dramatic growth and sudden rise of china’s economy on the one hand has increased its national power and on the other hand has strengthened china-phobia and presented a threatening image of it by the world powers. on the other hand, in order to counter this threatening image and neutralize the wave of sinophobia, the chinese tried to present a peaceful and cooperative image of their country to the world by using the power strategy. . by relying on the capabilities and capacities of their country in various fields, the chinese have given their power a chinese character and tried to rebuild their image inside china and in international circles by applying power strategies. the main question of the article is what is the position of west asia in china’s power strategy and what resources does it use to achieve its goals in this region? in response to the main question, the paper’s hypothesis is that power in its chinese version had significant differences from joseph nye’s original idea. in fact, the chinese have imported the american version of power and adjusted, strengthened and, in other words, internalized it with their abilities, capacities and political philosophy.the current research, by adopting the descriptive-analytical method and relying on library data, to understand and explain china’s presence in west asia, traces china’s efforts in three areas: 1) in the cultural area: through the examination of strategies such as use of educational tools and methods, media methods and tourism industry 2) in the political field: through the examination of the policy of balance of influence and the policy of mediation and relying on the ideological foundations of confucianism and 3) in the economic field: through the examination of the three tools of energy exchanges, foreign investments and belt-road initiative.the region of west asia, which has long been a platform for competition between great powers, has been heavily focused on by chinese policymakers in the last two decades. china has a special view on this region for various reasons, such as ensuring its energy security in order to maintain sustainable economic growth, and the special position of the west asian region in the belt-road initiative. therefore, china is seriously seeking to expand diplomatic relations with the countries of the region, and one of the most important tools for facilitating these relations is the use of power strategy and its tools in this region.in west asia, china’s cultural power strategy is realized in three ways: 1) the use of educational tools and methods, 2) media methods and 3) the tourism industry. in line with the application of educational diplomacy, since the beginning of 2004, the chinese government has made extensive investments in the creation of cultural and linguistic centers known as confucian institutions in the world. these institutes, which operate in major universities around the world, are managed by hanban (office of the international chinese language council, a branch of the chinese ministry of education). today, china has 17 confucius institutes and 5 confucius classes in west asia. in line with media diplomacy, since china’s goal is to gain fame and popularity and portray the world through power and confront the western portrayal of this country, it has also internationalized its media. in 2009, china’s state television started broadcasting news in arabic with the launch of the international arabic channel (cctv), which is now called cgtn. in addition, china today publishes its arabic edition in west asia, which informs its readers about world affairs, news related to china, and china’s organized activities in the region.during the last few decades, america has been the most important foreign interventionist power in