تحلیل موج چهارم بنیادگرایی افراطی مدرن در چارچوب پساسازمان‌گرایی

ناکامی راهبرد جهاد فتح از سوی داعش، سبب شده است تا به‌عنوان یک مولفۀ تطبیقی با شرایط جدید و راهبرد تروریستی جدید در دستور کار قرار گیرد. بر اساس آن، ساختار تشکیلاتی جدید با توجه به اشراف اطلاعاتی رقبا تدوین شد. این مسئله سبب سرعت‌بخشیدن به حملات، مخفی‌بودن این حملات، استفاده از لایه‌های مجازی ارتباطات اینترنتی، عضویابی و عملیات‌های اینترنتی می‌شود که توانایی سازمان‌های امنیتی را در مقابله با این گروه‌ها به‌شدت کاهش می‌دهد. افراط‌گرایی، بنیادگرایی و تروریسم در سال‌های اخیر در سراسر طیف ایدئولوژیک با روندی «پساسازمانی» گسترش یافته است. در این روند، با افزایش فعالیت‌های آنلاین، عضویت و حمایت از گروه‌های خاص مبهم‌تر شده‌ و رشد جنبش‌های فراملی، سیال‌تر جریان داشته است. حملات تروریستی را افرادی انجام می‌دهند که هیچ ارتباط مشخصی با سازمان‌های شناسایی شده ندارند، اما نوعی روش همسان و ایدئولوژی مشترک در همۀ آن‌ها دیده می‌شود. در این مقاله با این فرض که افراط‌گرایی در سال‌های آینده در قالب «پساسازمان‌گرایی» گسترش خواهد یافت، می‌خواهیم به این پرسش پاسخ دهیم که اساساً تروریسم نوین بر اساس پساسازمان‌گرایی، چه مولفه‌ها، متغیرها و ساختاری دارد؟ هدف در این مقاله این است که با روش تحلیلی و با استفاده از نتایج چند پژوهش پیمایشی و ارائۀ مصداق‌هایی، محتوای مجازی بنیادگرایی پساسازمانی را به‌عنوان نسل چهارم تروریسم، تحلیل و مولفه‌های اصلی آن را شناسایی کنیم. یافته‌های این پژوهش این فرضیه را تایید می‌کند که موج چهارم بنیادگرایی در قالب پساسازمان‌گرایی نمود می‌یابد.

analysis of the fourth wave of modern extreme fundamentalism in the framework of post-organizationalism

the failure of isis’ jihad fatah strategy has caused it to be put on the agenda as a component of adapting to new conditions and a new terrorist strategy. based on that, a new organizational structure was developed according to the information elites of the competitors. this problem accelerates the attacks, the secrecy of these attacks, the use of virtual layers of internet communication, membership and internet operations, which greatly reduces the ability of security organizations to deal with these groups. in recent years, extremism, fundamentalism and terrorism have spread across the ideological spectrum with a &post-organizational& trend. in this process, with the increase of online activities, the membership and support of specific groups has become more ambiguous and the growth of transnational movements has flowed more fluidly. terrorist attacks are carried out by people who have no clear connection with the identified organizations, but a kind of similar method and common ideology can be seen in all of them. in this article, with the assumption that extremism will spread in the form of &post-organizationalism& in the coming years, we want to answer the question, what are the components, variables, and structure of modern terrorism based on post-organizationalism? the purpose of this article is to analyze and identify the virtual content of post-organizational fundamentalism as the fourth generation of terrorism by using the results of several survey studies and providing examples. the findings of this research confirm the hypothesis that the fourth wave of fundamentalism is manifested in the form of post-organizationalism.extremism is a kind of semantic and socially constructed structure that is studied at the three levels of the basics of thought, belief and behavior. regarding the formation of the extreme salafist movement, which is a concrete type of contemporary extremism, the analysis of a historical background shows; intellectually, this current has its roots in hanbali jurisprudence, hadithism and thoughts such as ibn taymiyyah and ibn abd al-wahhab, and in the form of the religious understanding of the salaf, it produces beliefs such as heresy and ignorance, certain rules and norms of behavior based on takfir and jihad. however, the discussion about the normative roots and doctrines of extremism in the islamic world cannot explain the reasons for its formation and expansion. as the action of contemporary extremists shows, external structures at different national, regional and international levels have had important effects on their understanding, identification and role finding. based on this, we must perceive salafi terrorism as one of the most important dynamics of the islamic world and as an international security crisis over several decades in a combined framework including the identity of the foundation, the internal base culture, and external structural pressures. this combined process based on construction in a historical context has led to the emergence of numerous groups and generations of terrorist extremism. now, with the physical end of isis in iraq and syria, an important issue is the future of extreme salafism in the islamic world. because examining the order governing the evolution of extremism in the islamic world and the future possibilities of extremism, while being a suitable platform for improving the scientific understanding of the dynamics of the islamic world and relations at the level of the international structure, will also have strategic dimensions for the national security of the islamic republic. because, on the one hand, structural developments at the international level in the field of terrorism are important for the islamic republic as an influential regional player in the islamic world, and on the other hand, the threat of takfiri terrorism is still considered a threat to the future of the islamic world.