بررسی علایق و نگرانی‌های ژئوپلیتیکی ترکیه در سوریه

کشورهای جهان با توجه به درک موقعیت خود و منافع ملی که از قبل برای خود تعیین کرده‌اند و با توجه به ارزیابی عملکرد دیگر قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای اقداماتی انجام می‌دهند و نقش سیاسی و بین‌المللی ایفا می‌کنند. سوریه به‌عنوان همسایۀ جنوبی ترکیه از دیر باز جزو مناطق مهم و حیاتی برای این کشور محسوب می‌شده است، موضوعی که اهمیت خود را در پی تحولات سوریه و درگیری‌های داخلی در این کشور به خوبی نشان داد. محور اصلی این مقاله شناخت نگرانی‌های و علایق ژئوپلیتیکی ترکیه در سوریه است. از این‌رو با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد توصیفی‌تحلیلی و تکیه بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای در پی شناسایی و تحلیل نگرانی‌ها و علایق ژئوپلیتیکی ترکیه در سوریه از زمان شروع جنگ و بحران در این کشور در سال‌های 2011 تا 2020 هستیم. به‌دنبال پاسخ این پرسش هستیم که نگرانی‌ها و علایق‌ ژئوپلیتیکی ترکیه در سوریه کدامند؟ یافته‌های کتابخانه‌ای و استنباطی که با استفاده از نرم افزار spssو آزمونt-test انجام دادیم نشان می‌دهد که علائق ژئوپلیتیکی ترکیه در سوریه عبارت از علایق سیاسی، ژئوکالچری، هیدروپلیتیکی و هیدروکربنی از جمله افزایش عمق راهبردی، رهبری جهان اسلام در منطقه، استفادۀ راهبردی از رود فرات و منابع نفتی است و نگرانی‌های ژئوپلیتیکی ترکیه در سوریه شامل نگرانی‌های ژئواستراتژیکی، سیاسی، امنیتی خودمختاری کردهای سوریه، نفوذ رقبای منطقه‌ای مانند ایران و وجود نیروهای تروریستی و تکفیری است.

investigating turkey’s geopolitical interests and concerns in syria

since the beginning of the crisis in syria, the turkey had problems with this country over issues such as the political activities of the kurds in pkk and how to divide the euphrates water and iskanderun province together. however, since 2011, turkey’s foreign policy has become aggressive to the extent that it has provided logistical support as well as supported the establishment of a no-fly zone and military interventions in syria, and in the last decade has become an active and influential actor in has become the region. erdoğan government’s uneven policies during this period have shown that turkey has changed its positions many times to keep its interests in syria stable. he considered the groups useful in achieving their goals in syria, but it was not long before the extremist thought of a group like isis reached turkey, which considers this country a tyranny, and turkey’s security environment faced insecurity. besides these issues and solving these concerns, turkey can also pursue its geopolitical interests. by showing strength in the field of syrian conflicts, by trying to introduce itself as the superior power of the region, which is also present in nato, and increase its strategic depth in the region, it can even reach the leadership of the modern islamic world with the perspective of latinism, like in the ottoman era. on the way to achieving his goals in syria, he can control the source of the euphrates river and exert pressure on the syrian government to force them to fulfill their wishes, and by turning this issue, he can go towards oil resources and oil fields and compensate for his lack of resources. slow down and enter the field of oil geopolitics.methodologythe methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical, which has a fundamental nature. in this research, using library studies and field findings, an attempt has been made to investigate turkey’s geopolitical interests and concerns in syria. in the library findings section, books, media, theses, articles, and internet resources have been used, and field findings have been obtained through a questionnaire (50 items) received from experts in the field of political geography, geopolitics, political science, and international relations. whose results have been analyzed using spss software and t-test?  findings according to the library and field findings that were obtained through the questionnaire and its analysis by the relevant statistical test, it was determined that the strategic position of syria and its position in the strategic depth of turkey are the most important in terms of turkey’s geopolitical interest in syria and gaining power. the turkish element and their autonomy, as well as the influence of regional powers such as iran, create the most important geopolitical concern for turkey in syria.analysis and conclusionaccording to the findings of the research, we come to the conclusion that after the justice and development party came to power, the theoretical background of the country’s foreign policy was founded by ahmet davutoğlu with the name of strategic depth, and he believed that turkey, due to its unique geographical location, its cultural and historical depth, as a result of the ottoman empire, should be the main country that injects the power and glory of the ottoman period in a new form to turkey, which has political and ideological alignment tendencies with the west. even islam should be introduced in a new form to the leadership of turkey that is democratized and does not conflict with western politics. in order to achieve these goals, he must create a mental structure in the form of ottomanism thinking in the countries that were once part of the ottoman empire and he wants to expand his influence in them. creating a savior mindset from turkey will help significantly in this country’s rise to power in the region.