تحلیلی بر رویکرد سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در منطقۀ آسیای جنوبی

رویکرد سیاست خارجی، نقش مهمی در توسعۀ روابط منطقه‌ای و جهانی برای کشورها دارد. به‌ویژه در عصر جهانی‌شدن که پیوندها و مناسبات میان کشورها در عرصۀ بین‌الملل، کاملاً درهم تنیده شده‌اند. ماهیت ویژۀ دورۀ جهانی‌شدن این است که کمترین ظرفیت موجود برای برقراری ارتباط با کشورهای دیگر، اثری مثبت بر تصویر بین‌المللی آن کشور دارد. در روابط منطقه‌ای، رفتار سیاست خارجی ایران، نسبت به مناطق ژئوپلیتیکی پیرامونش، رویکردهای متفاوتی داشته است. منطقۀ آسیای جنوبی به‌عنوان منطقۀ ژئوپلیتیکی مستقل، بر اساس نظریۀ سول کوهن و تبدیل‌شدن آن به قلمروی ژئواستراتژیک سوم، می‌تواند از مناطقی باشد که در تغییر رویکرد سیاست خارجی کشور نسبت به این منطقه ظرفیت لازم را ارائه دهد. هدف اصلی در این مقاله، تحلیل رویکرد سیاست خارجی ایران در روابط منطقه‌ای با منطقۀ آسیای جنوبی است. این پرسش مطرح است که جایگاه منطقۀ آسیای جنوبی در روابط و رویکرد سیاست خارجی ایران چگونه است؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش از روش و رویکرد پژوهشی توصیفی‌تحلیلی و ابزار گردآوری داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای و سایت‌های اینترنتی استفاده می‌کنیم. نتایج یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهند منطقۀ ژئوپلیتیکی آسیای جنوبی، در سیاست خارجی ایران جایگاه و اولویت مناسبی ندارد و سیاست خارجی این کشور در بهره‌برداری از موقعیت این منطقه برای توسعۀ روابط منطقه‌ای، اقدامات لازم و جدی نکرده است.

analysis of the foreign policy approach of the islamic republic of iran in the south asia region

the foreign policy approach plays an important role in the development of regional and global relations for countries. especially in the age of globalization, when the ties and relations between countries in the international arena are completely intertwined; it can even be said that the special nature of the globalization period is such that the least available capacity to communicate with other countries has a positive effect on the international image of that country. in regional relations, the foreign policy approach of the islamic republic of iran has been different approaches and behaviors towards the geopolitical regions around it. south asia, as an independent geopolitical region based on sol cohen’s theory and its transformation into a third geostrategic realm, can be one of the regions that offers the necessary potential to change the country’s foreign policy approach to this region.crossborder national interests and demands of countries in the last decades of the 20th century caused globalization. the globalization of the market economy and the economization of the world system, which gained a lot of speed since the last decade of the 20th century, greatly boosted the geoeconomic and geostrategic competitions in the world. these important developments in the world system have encouraged regionalism and turning to cooperation and regional groupings and convergences to make effective competition between the regions of the world a reality in the global geopolitical system of the postmodern era (mojtahedzadeh, 2012 : 185). in any case, the foreign policy of countries in the era of globalization is required to respect the national interests of the people of that country. as one of the countries in the world that is located in the geopolitical and geoeconomics region of the middle east, iran follows the trend of regionalism and regional relations in its foreign policy.iran’s historicalcivilizational, geopolitical and politicalsecurity position in the regional and international security system is such that it is inevitable to adopt different approaches in operationalizing iran’s foreign policy. the three main approaches in iran’s foreign policy are: geographical and geopolitical approach, cultural and historical approach, ideological and politicalsecurity approach. during the past decades, iran’s foreign policy has had a challenge in creating a balance between these three approaches, which in a way can be considered as a theoretical challenge of focusing on different regional systems in the middle east, central asia and the caucasus, the persian gulf and south asia (barzegar, 2009 : 25). methodologythe main purpose of this article is to analyze the foreign policy approach of the islamic republic of iran in regional relations with the south asian region. the main question is that &what is the position of the south asian region in iran’s foreign policy relations and approach&? to answer this question, this research has been done using descriptiveanalytical research method and data collection method is from library sources and internet sites. result and discussionin any case, developments in iran and developments in the international system at the regional and global levels have created a sinusoidal trend in the country’s foreign policy. as in most experts’ opinions, there is a consensus regarding this process. from the colorfulness to the three riddles that have been proposed for foreign policy, they all tell the behavior of pandoli and sinus. for example, a single policy has not been followed in the regional relations between iran and south asia. before the islamic revolution, the expansion of geopolitical depth in foreign policy was from the persian gulf to the indian ocean. so that when the largest airsea base of the indian ocean was established in chabahar in 1975, it was announced by the then president of the country.