تحلیل ژئوپلیتیک الگوهای رفتاری مبتنی بر تنازع و تعامل در روابط ایران و عربستان سعودی

شناخت عوامل موثر بر روابط کشورها از ضرورت‌‌‌ها و پیش‌نیازهای تامین منافع ملی و تنظیم چگونگی سیاست خارجی دولت‌هاست. این عوامل می‌توانند شاخص‌های زیربنایی یا روبنایی قدرت‌ساز کشورها یا علائق متنوعی باشند که مناسبات آن‌ها را شکل می‌دهد. ژئوپلیتیک با واکاوی عوامل مختلف شکل‌دهندۀ قدرت ملی کشورها، علائق و منافع مختلف بازیگران، شناخت بنیادها و بسترهای بحران‌های منطقه‌ا‌ی و تحلیل بر مبنای عوامل ثابت و متغیر جغرافیایی فهم و آگاهی مورد نیاز را برای تدوین سیاست خارجی واقع‌گرا و عاقلانه فراهم می‌کند. کشورهای قرارگرفته در یک منطقۀ ژئوپلیتیک که وزن و قدرت ملی تقریباً یکسانی دارند، همواره به‌دنبال ایجاد گونه‌ای از توازن قوا در مناسبات ژئوپلیتیک خود هستند که بتواند اهداف و منافع ملی آن‌ها را نیز تامین کند. جمهوری اسلامی ایران و عربستان سعودی به‌سبب همسایگی و وجود عوامل واگرا و همگرای موثر در سیاست‌های داخلی و خارجی خود، الگوهای رفتاری خاصی را در روره‌های مختلف تاریخی روابط خود بروز داده‌اند که در طیفی از تنازع تا تعامل، همکاری و رقابت قابل بررسی است. در این پژوهش به‌دنبال پاسخ این پرسش هستیم که در روابط جمهوری اسلامی ایران و عربستان سعودی کدام یک از الگوهای رفتاری تنازع یا تعامل غالب بوده است؟ یافته‌‌‌ها نشان می‌دهد که روابط ایران و عربستان سعودی متاثر از وجود تفاوت‌های بنیادین و ساختاری داخلی و خارجی، بسترهای ژئوپلیتیکی متعارض و واگرایانه‌ای است که در دوره‌های مختلف الگوی تنازع و تعامل را ایجاد کرده است، ولی با توجه به وجود عوامل همگرا و ضرورت‌های داخلی و خارجی این دو کشور در دوره‌های تاریخی مختلف، الگوی رفتاری تعامل و همکاری برای کاهش تنش‌‌‌ها نیز ارائه شده است.

geopolitical analysis of conflict-based behavior patterns and interactions in iran-saudi relations

relations between iran and saudi arabia have always been fraught with conflict due to differences in economic, ideological, military and security dimensions, but these conflicts have been accompanied by ups and downs in their 90year regional relationship. so that at every stage of the relationship, after a period of tension and disconnection, and even limited wars and conflicts under the influence of charm and a major turning point in the relationship between the two countries, they are moving closer together and peaceful relations and interactions in one they have had a temporary period.the purpose of this article is to answer the question whether the geopolitical analysis and relations between iran and saudi arabia at different times lead to conflict or interaction due to developments in the area of relations between iran and saudi arabia? the results of this study show that the relations between iran and saudi arabia, due to their fundamental and structural differences, influenced by internal and external factors, cannot easily eliminate this conflict and tensions between the two countries. taking into account the historical relations between the two countries at different times and the complexity of events over the last year and a half shows that both countries are reducing tensions and moving towards engagement in the relationship.introductionone of the most important geopolitical regions of the world, where geopolitical events occured by various actors intensively, is the southwest asian region, in which over the past decades, various developments have made it vulnerable and confusing. international interactions of countries with each other in this region are influenced by the geopolitical importance of this region and its various developments. iran and saudi arabia are two important and decisive countries in the region due to their geopolitical situations, their abilities and aspects. there is fierce competition between two countries for increasing influence and being number one in the region, in which different factors have led to continued competition in the historic relationship between the two countries. however, in the history of the two countries’ relations, regular changes between tension and proximity have occurred. the evidences show that the two countries seek to manage their disputes, improve their talks and the peace process and move towards interaction at the peak of competition, and in this article, while examining the historical relations of the two countries in several historical stages that have moved towards interaction and coexistence, we examine the main factors of interaction at the peak of competition and hostility of relations of this period.research methodthis research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptiveanalytical in terms of nature and method. the data collection is done by library method. qualitative analysis is used to analyze the findings. the final conclusion of this study is done by qualitative method.discussion and findingslooking at the history of relations between iran and saudi arabia, it can be found that among their relations, although always along with tension and never favorable, there are many ups and downs. this behavior has occurred in the relations of the two countries for three periods, in which the first period began with the commencement of the two countries’ relations in 1929 by the conclusion of the “cooperation” treaty. after a period of tension and conflict, the relations between the two countries were cut for five years from 1943 to 1948 after the execution of an iranian pilgrim by the saudis.the starting point in the second period of relations can be attributed to the two countries’ exposure in blocking the cold war and this has caused that the two countries have enjoyed peaceful relations with the least tension for nearly thirty years.