بررسی مقایسه‌ای سیاست عربستان و قطر در قبال داعش در سوریه

داعش نام اختصاری گروه تروریستی عراق و شام از اسلام‌گرایان افراطی است. در جریان رشد داعش، سوریه با توجه به تحولات داخلی خود بستر مناسبی برای رشد و اعلام خلافت این گروه بوده است. با شروع بحران داخلی سوریه نقش برخی از بازیگران منطقه‌ای برای رشد داعش و تعمیق این بحران توجیه‌پذیر است. بازیگران منطقه‌ای دخیل در تحولات سوریه از جمله کشور‌های عربی که در راس آن‌ها عربستان سعودی و قطر بودند سیاست‌های متفاوتی را در قبال داعش در سوریه به‌کار گرفتند. این کشور‌ها از سیاست‌ها و ابزار‌های مختلفی برای حمایت از داعش استفاده کردند. برخلاف ادعای عربستان مبنی بر رد تروریسم و انواع آن، همواره شاهد استفاده از این موضوع در سیاست‌های این کشور در منطقه و تحولات آن هستیم. در کنار عربستان، قطر ‌به‌عنوان کشوری کوچک علاقۀ زیادی به گسترش تاثیرات خود بر تحولات منطقه‌ای با استفاده از ابزار تروریسم و ‌‌افراط‌گرایی اسلامی دارد. در این پژوهش به‌دنبال پاسخ این پرسش هستیم که سیاست ریاض و دوحه در قبال داعش در سوریه چیست؟ در پاسخ این فرضیه مطرح است که این دو کشور در جریان تحولات سوریه با ابزارها و شیوه‌های مختلف از داعش در برابر دولت مرکزی سوریه حمایت‌های گسترده‌ای کرده‌اند. سیاست‌های عربستان و قطر با وجود شباهت، تفاوت‌های جزئی دارد. پژوهش حاضر به‌شکل مقایسه‌ای و با استفاده از روش توصیفی‌‌تحلیلی نوشته شده است.

a comparative study of saudi and qatar policy towards isis in syria

isis is the short name of the terrorist group of extremist islamists in iraq and the levant. during the growth of isis, syria has been a suitable platform for the growth and declaration of caliphate of this group due to its internal developments. with the start of the internal crisis in syria, the role of some regional actors for the growth of isis and the deepening of this crisis is justified. the regional actors involved in the developments in syria, including the arab countries, led by saudi arabia and qatar, used different policies against isis in syria. these countries used different policies and tools to support isis. contrary to saudi arabia’s claim of rejecting terrorism and its types, we always see the use of this issue in the policies of this country in the region and its developments. along with saudi arabia, qatar, as a small country, is very interested in expanding its influence on regional developments by using the tools of terrorism and islamic extremism.one of the most important issues in the past few decades is the issue of the threat of terrorism, which is increasing in importance in political literature and international relations every day. meanwhile, the middle east region is very important. this region, due to the birthplace of islam and its countries being islamic, and most importantly, the extreme and deviant views of some islamic groups on the islamic religion, has caused us to witness extreme thoughts and ideologies and the emergence of various islamic terrorist groups. after the terrorist incident of september 11, 2001 by the alqaeda terrorist group, the middle east region has faced many security challenges, the effects of which have long remained in the minds of the governments and especially the people of this region. among the other terrorist groups formed in this region is the isis group, which research and investigation in the process of fundamental formation and existential philosophy of this terrorist movement is the ideology of salafi jihadism   most of the activity of this group has been concentrated in syria and parts of iraq.syria is an important country that is always of special importance in the world of politics. so that it is considered as the achilles heel of the middle east region.  with the beginning of political unrest in syria due to the protests of march 2011, which was caused by the political developments in the arab countries, isis declared its existence as the most powerful terrorist group in the history of the middle east. kurdistan and by declaring and claiming the establishment of an islamic government in syria and cities from iraq and by implementing measures, or better to say some crimes against humanity, it has placed its name at the top of the media and international news. during the rapid growth of isis and the deepening of the crisis in syria, in addition to internal destabilizing factors, some external sources of support have made isis strong in this country. also, the developments in syria have provided a suitable platform for the exploitation of regional actors, including the arab countries, led by saudi arabia and qatar, which have used different policies and strategies in the form of support packages for the isis group in syria, with wahhabi salafism becoming an official and political religion. saudi arabia (alrebh, 2017: 28279). this country has been at the forefront of supporting salafiwahhabi groups, and all sunni jihadist groups, isis, alqaeda, alnusra front, are ideological children of wahhabism that saudi arabia has injected into various countries . along with saudi arabia, qatar, unlike many small countries have a great desire to expand their influence on developments abroad and always openly support moderate islamic groups and sometimes with islamic extremist thoughts. this country has had relations with groups such as hamas, hezbollah, and the taliban .