دیپلماسی اقتصادی ترکیه در آسیای مرکزی در دوران حزب عدالت و توسعه در سال‌های 2000 تا 2020

توسعۀ اقتصادی به‌شدت تحت تاثیر عوامل فرهنگی و هویتی است؛ بنابراین به‌دست‌آورن شهرت و نفوذ در یک کشور یا منطقه از هدف‌های مهم دولت‌ها در دیپلماسی اقتصادی است که متناسب با موقعیت، فرصت‌ها و ظرفیت‌های فرهنگی هر کشور از راه‌ها و سازوکارهای گوناگون دنبال می‌شود. ترکیه به‌دلیل پیشینۀ فرهنگی با کشورها و برخورداری از سطح بالای توسعۀ اقتصادی در منطقه، ظرفیت مناسبی برای همکاری با جمهوری‌های آسیای مرکزی در زمینۀ اقتصادی دارد. یکی از اصول سیاست خارجی ترکیه در دورۀ حزب عدالت و توسعه داشتن روابط نزدیک با کشورهای آسیای مرکزی است. برای ترکیه تقویت دیپلماسی اقتصادی با کشورهای این منطقه به‌دلیل داشتن فرهنگ مشترک با آن‌ها اهمیت فراوانی دارد. در این پژوهش به‌دنبال پاسخ این پرسش هستیم که مهم‌ترین متغیرها یا شاخص‌ها در روابط اقتصادی ترکیه با منطقۀ آسیای مرکزی کدامند؟ در پاسخ، این فرضیه مطرح می‌شود که دیپلماسی اقتصادی ترکیه در منطقه در دورۀ حزب عدالت و توسعه را می‌توان با شش شاخص دیپلماسی اقتصادی در سیاست خارجی دولت توسعه‌گرا تبیین کرد که عبارت‌اند از: 1. رشد تجارت بر اساس راهبرد توسعۀ صادرات؛ 2. جذب سرمایه‌گذاری و سیاست پیمانکاری خارجی؛ 3. موافقت‌نامه‌های تجارت آزاد و ترجیحی؛ 4. ارتباط هماهنگ با حداکثری؛ 5. تعامل مثبت با نهادهای اقتصادی بین‌المللی؛ 6. ایجاد تصویر مثبت. در این مقاله، سطح این رابطه را با چارچوب مفهومی دیپلماسی اقتصادی با تمرکز بر این 6 عامل تحلیل می‌کنیم. روش پژوهش کیفی و روش گردآوری داده‌ها اسنادی، کتابخانه‌ای و اینترنتی است.

Turkey’s Economic Diplomacy in Central Asia Region during the AKP Government (2002-2020)

There is great importance to use economic diplomacy in foreign policy; especially in those countries, in addition to having a great potential economic, have other commonalities such as cultural and historical commonalities. The field of international relations is heavily influenced by cultural and identity factors. Therefore, gaining reputation and influence in a country or the region are among the important goals of states in diplomacy, which is commensurate with their position, each country’s cultural opportunities, and capacities are pursued in a variety of ways and mechanisms.Turkey has good potential for cooperation with the Central Asian Republics in the economic field due to its cultural history with the countries and having a high level of economic development in the region. One of the Principles of Turkey’s foreign policy during the AK Party era (20022020) is having close relations with the Central Asian countries. For Turkey, it is important to strengthen economic diplomacy with countries in the region because of having a shared culture with them.The main question is “How is the economic diplomacy of Turkey during the AKP era in the Central Asia region?” and the subquestion is “What are the factors of economic diplomacy of Turkey in the Central Asia region during the AKP era?”Six indicators of economic diplomacy that are part of the foreign policy of the developmental government are presented as trade growth based on export development strategy, attracting foreign investment and foreign contracting policy, free and preferential trade agreements, harmonious relations with all, positive interaction with international economic institutions and creating a positive image which are briefly explained below:Increasing foreign trade: There is a positive correlation between an efficient foreign policy, a strong economy, and a strong foreign trade. Some, such as Gershon Feder, argue that the impact of exports on GDP is not limited to GDP growthAttract foreign investment and expand contracting: Overseas investment and export of foreign engineering and contracting technical services, in addition to laying the groundwork for the soft power of the exporting country, will also lead to longterm interdependence and the creation of national wealth. Newly industrialized countries not only attract foreign investment but also strengthen a country’s foreign trade by transferring capital abroad and contracting abroad. This leads to the creation of new markets and the exercise of soft power in the target countries.Free and preferential trade agreements: Agreements between countries that are not necessarily in a geographical area and include actions taken by governments to facilitate trade through free trade agreements or customs unions. Efforts to achieve systematic conditions for the national development strategy are made through bargaining and international trade negotiations through free and preferential trade agreements.Harmonious relationship with everyone: The foreign policy of a country like a businessman can communicate with all potential customers and the strategy of a successful actor is to attract more capital apart from personal interest. This strategy seeks positive interaction with all potential markets and related governments.Positive interaction with international economic institutions: A government must use the resources and guidelines of international business and financial institutions in line with its business and economic vision. Apart from decisionmaking independence and political power, constructive interaction with these institutions is very effective.Positive image: The classification of countries into two categories, positive and negative, is examined under the heading of image or mentality in international relations. Each image contains cognitive information from another country in these areas: culture, capability (military, economic), security, democracy, and so on.