بررسی روابط سیاسی نظام‌شاهیان دکن با دولت صفویه (با تاکید بر نقش شاه‌طاهر دیوانسالار ایرانی)

در زمان حکومت صفویه مذهب تشیع در شبه جزیرۀ دکن گسترس یافت و برخی از سلاطین آن منطقه به دلیل اشتراک مذهب روابط سیاسی خوبی با دولت صفویه برقرار کردند. مهاجرت شیعیان ایرانی به دکن از نیمۀ قرن هشتم هجری قمری افزایش چشمگیری داشت و در قرن دهم و یازدهم هجری قمری به اوج خود رسید. یکی از مهاجرانی که نقش تعیین کننده ای در تحکیم روابط سیاسی نظام شاهیان با دولت صفویه داشت، شاه طاهر بود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش شاه طاهر و عوامل این ارتباط و تاثیر و تاثرات آن در دو دولت است. نگارندگان با روش توصیفیتحلیلی و گردآوری اطلاعات به روش پژوهشی و کتابخانه ای می کوشند تا نقش شاه طاهر را در رواج مذهب تشیع و تحکیم روابط سیاسی بین دو دولت تبیین کنند. پرسش مهمی که در این تحقیق عنوان می شود این است که دیوانسالاران ایرانی از جمله شاه طاهر چه نقشی در تحکیم روابط نظام شاهیان با دولت صفویه داشتند؟ اگرچه نظام شاهیان در ابتدا برخلاف عادل شاهیان و قطب شاهیان ارتباطی با ایران و خاندان صفویه نداشتند و درواقع از مهاجران ایرانی که به جنوب هند مهاجرت کردند، نبودند؛ اما با وجود این مهاجرت شاه طاهر باعث ایجاد و توسعۀ روابط سیاسی و فرهنگی آن ها با صفویه شد. اگرچه دولت نظام شاهی نسبت به دیگر دولت های شیعه مذهب جنوب هند با تاخیر قابل توجهی به مذهب تشیع گروید، اما طرز تلقی آنان از تشیع به صفویان نزدیک تر بود و همین نکته موجب ارتباط خاص حکومت صفوی در دورۀ شاه طهماسب با حکومت نظام شاهی گشت. بنابراین می توان گفت که عامل مذهب نقش کلیدی در تحکیم روابط صفویه با نظام شاهیان ایفا می کرد و سبب ساز این نزدیکی مذهبی، دیوان سالار ایرانی شاه طاهر بود. درواقع مهاجرت دیوان سالاران ایرانی به جنوب هند سبب گسترش تشیع در این منطقه شد و شاه طاهر نیز با تاثیرگذاری بر پادشاه نظام شاهیان سبب رسمی شدن مذهب تشیع در این منطقه و آغاز تحکیم روابط میان صفویه و نظام شاهیان شد.

A Study of the Political Relations of the Deccan Royal System with the Safavid Government (With Emphasis on the Role of Shah Taher, Iranian Bureaucrat)

AbstractDuring the Safavid period, the Shiite denomination spread in the Dekan peninsula and some sultans of the region having some common religious beliefs established good political relations with the Safavid government. The migration of Iranian shiits to one of the eighth century AH had significantly increased and reached its peak in the tenth and eleventh centuries. One of the emigrants who played a decisive role in strengthening the political relation between Nezam Shahian dynasty and the Safavid government was Shah Tahir. This paper aims to study the role of Shah Tahir, the factor in that ralationship and its impact on both governments. The authors applying a descriptive analytical method try to explain the role of Shah Tahir in propagation of Shiism and consolidation of relations between the two countries. Data was collected through a research and library method. Although Nezam Shahian unlike Adel Shahian and Qutb Shahian had initially no connection with Iran and the Safavid dynasty, in fact they weren’t among those who had migrated to southern India, Shah Tahir’s migration led to the establishment and development of political, cultural relations with the Safavids. However the Nezsm Shahian lagged significantly behind the other Shiite governments in southern India, converting to Shiism, its attitude to Shiism was closer to that of the Safavid to it. And this led to a special connection between the Safavid government during Shah Tahmasb’s reign and Nezam Shahian dynasty. So we can say that the factor of religion played a key role strengthening the relation between the Safavid and Nezsm Shahian and the person who caused such a religious closeness was the Iranian bureaucrat, ShahTahir. In fact the migration of the Iranian bureaucrats to the southern India led to the spread of Shiism in that region and Shah Tahir influencing the king of Nezam Shahian caused the Shiite to become official in the region. That was the beginning of a SafavidNezam Shahian solid relation. Keywords: Shiite, Shah Tahir, Safavid, Nezam Shahian, Dekan Peninsula.IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Shah Taher as an Iranian bureaucrat who, by migrating to Deccan during the reign of the Shah, has caused the spread of Shiism in this region and the political relationship between the two governments.The important question raised in this study is what role did the Iranian bureaucrats, including Shah Taher, play in strengthening the relations between the Shahs and the Safavid government? It seems that the similarity of religion was the most important reason for the closeness and strengthening of political relations between the Shahs and the Safavid government. Among them were Iranian bureaucrats who led the Shiites to accept the Shiite religion, and Iranian bureaucrats, including Shah Taher, who operated in the royal court, promoted Shiism among the Shahs and the Safavids, strengthening the religious unity of the Shahs and the Safavids and strengthening their political, economic and cultural relations.The present research is descriptiveanalytical and its data collection method is library.Cultural and civilizational relations between Iran and India have a long history. Among them, Iranian bureaucrats have played an indispensable role in deepening these relations and relations, especially in the Deccan region. The Iranian bureaucrats, who were themselves great scholars and had the Shiite religion, by infiltrating the court of various sultans, tried to attract their attention in order to gain the material and spiritual support of these rulers, and by inviting Shiite scholars and elders from Iran to Deccan and on behalf of Other appropriate mechanisms in the Deccan have promoted their Shiite ideas. Among these people are Mir Fazlullah Injui, Khajeh Mahmoud Gavan, Shah Nawaz Khan Shirazi, Afzal Khan Shirazi, Shah Taher, Mir Mohammad Mo’men Astarabadi, Ibn Khatun are among the great Shiite scholars and politicians who migrated to Deccan from Iran during the various governments of Deccan. They entered the system of government and progressed rapidly. They played a very important role in establishing governments and suppressing the uprisings and oppositions of that time, and by inviting Shiites, giving them positions, building mosques and schools, they played a very important role in the cultural and political developments of Deccan, especially deepening and spreading beliefs. They had Shiites. Among them, Shah Taher was an Iranian bureaucrat who played a key role in the tendency of the Shahs to Shiism as well as the strengthening of relations between the Shahs and the Safavids.DiscussionThe Shahs were a dynasty of Deccan kings who ruled in Ahmadnagar province from 895 AH to about 1042 AH. The founder of this dynasty was named Ahmad Shah, whose father held the position of minister in the court of Bahmani sultans. Ahmad Shah was also called Nizam alMuk Bahri and it was because of this Nizam alMulk that this dynasty was called Nizam alShahi. After the death of Queen Ahmad Nizam Shah Bahri in 914 AH, his son Borhan became king. He was a lover of science and scholars. Many scholars depended on him. He had a special interest in Iranian scientists. During his reign in 928 AH, Taher Ibn Razi Hamedani, known as “Shah Taher Hosseini”, entered Ahmadnagar from Iran and created a map in the religious and political environment of the court. He influenced the argument with his knowledge and grace. Burhan Nizam Shah chose him as his minister and Shah Tahir settled that land and tried to serve Burhan and caused that in 962 AH, Burhan Nizam Shah turned to Shiism and introduced it as the official religion.Shah Tahir, who was initially a supporter of Shah Ismail Safavid in Iran, opposed him and was about to be killed. He secretly went to India and lived in the court of a very honorable royal system. He trained many scholars in various Islamic subjects and his field of study was one of the largest in India. Burhan Nizam Shah Ahmad Nangari, the second ruler of the Nizam Shah dynasty in Ahmad Nangar, under the influence of Shah Tahir, converted to Shiism with his relatives and rulers and made it the official religion of his country.ConclusionAbout 3,000 people converted to Shiism in imitation of the Shah. The Sunni people and the great Sunni scholars reacted strongly to this move, they even besieged the royal palace, but to no avail. Following the change of the official religion of Ahmadinejad’s monarchy, there were changes in relations with foreign countries and conflicts with neighboring countries, but good relations were established with the Iranian government. Shah Ismail Safavid showed interest in friendship with Borhan and sent his ambassador to Ahmadnagar. Until the time of Shah Tahmasb, good relations between the Shahs and the Safavids continued.