محوطۀ دوزداغی خوی، استقرارگاهی از عصرمفرغ در شمال دریاچۀ ارومیه

دشت میان کوهی خوی به لحاظ دارا بودن شرایط جغرافیایی و ظرفیت های زیست محیطی مناسب، درطول هزاران سال اقوام مختلف را به سوی خود جذب کرده و زمینه ساز ایجاد استقرارهای انسانی در ادوار مختلف بوده است. الگوی پراکندگی محوطه های شناسایی شده در این دشت میان کوهی در عصرمفرغ، ظهور و وجود یک مرکز بزرگ به نام «محوطۀ دوزداغی» را نشان می دهد که در این دوره به مرکزی بسیار مهم و بزرگ تبدیل می شود. محوطۀ دوزداغی با ارتفاع 1200 متر از سطح دریا، محوطه ای است با وسعت بیش از 16 هکتار و با 24 متر ارتفاع از سطح اراضی اطراف و بلندترین محوطۀ پیش از تاریخی دشت است که درکنار رودخانۀ دائمی قودوخ بوغان و چشمه سار ها و تالاب های زیبای اطراف آن شکل گرفته است. یکی از مهم ترین پرسش های موجود در رابطه با دشت خوی به دلیل همجواری آن از یک سو با منطقۀ قفقاز جنوبی و شرق آناتولی و از سوی دیگر حوضۀ دریاچه ارومیه و چگونگی ارتباطات و تعاملات منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای دشت خوی با مناطق همجوار است که نیازمند مطالعه و پژوهش است. فرض نیز بر این است که با توجه به آنالیز برخی از مواد فرهنگی مانند ابسیدین و نشان دادن ارتباطات فراوان با منطقۀ قفقاز و شرق آناتولی گمانه زنی در این محوطه نیز با هدف آشکار ساختن این ارتباطات بوده است. این محوطه دارای آثار فرهنگی از دوره های نوسنگی، مس وسنگ، مفرغ و عصرآهن است که به دلیل قرارگرفتن در مسیر مواصلاتی فلات ایران به آناتولی و نیز واقع شدن در مسیر بزرگراه مهم بازرگانی منشعب از جادۀ خراسان بزرگ (جادۀ ابریشم)، از موقعیت ممتازی جهت مبادلات تجاری و فرهنگی برخوردار بوده است. وجود معدن نمک به عنوان کالای صادراتی در این محوطه و هم چنین ابزارهایی از سنگ ابسیدین (کالای وارداتی) در 7 نوع و رنگ متفاوت، شاهد این مدعاست. درصد حجم پراکندگی سفالینه ها در سطح محوطه نشان می دهد که دورۀ پویایی و شکوفایی این محوطه در عصرمفرغ بوده و به نظر می رسد که در این دوران و برای اولین بار در دشت خوی، می توان از وجود یک مرکز با مساحت بیش از 16 هکتار سخن گفت که وجود چنین مرکزی به احتمال زیاد درراستای تجارت فرامنطقه ای بوده است. در این پژوهش، 20 نمونه سفال عصرمفرغِ گردآوری شده از بررسی سطحی و گمانه زنی به منظور تعیین عرصه و حریم محوطه مورد مطالعه و گونه شناسی قرار گرفته است.

The Dozdaqi Area; Establishment of Bronze Age in the North of Urmia Lake

AbstractKhoy Plain has attracted various tribes in terms of geographical conditions and suitable environmental capacities over the course of thousands of years, and has been the basis for establishing human settlements in different periods. The pattern of dispersion of the areas identified in this midrange plain in the Bronze Age reveals the emergence and existence of a large center called “Dozdqi”, which in this period becomes a very important center. Dozdaqi with a height of 1200 meters above sea level is an area with more than 16 hectares and 24 meters above the surface of the surrounding area, the highest prehistoric area of the plain, which is located along the permanent river of Ghodvokh Boghan and the springs and wetlands. The existence of a salt mine as an export commodity in this area, as well as obsidian artefacts (imported goods) in 7 different colors. The percentage of the volume of distribution of pottery on the surface of the site indicates that the period of dynamism and flourishing of the site was in the Bronze Age, and it seems that during this period and for the first time in Khoy plain, there could be an overthecenter Of the 16 hectares.The existence of such a center is likely to be in the context of transregional trade. In this research, 20 samples of the Bronze Age pottery sherds were collected from the surface survey and speculation to determine the area and privacy of the study area and typology.Keywords: Dozdaqi Khoy, Bronze Age, Pottery.IntroductionThe late fourth millennium and early third millennium BC, one of the most important milestones not only in Iranian history, but also in the history of the Near East. This period coincides with major events such as the formation of the first city government, the beginning of urbanization and the expansion of its line.The ancient Bronze Age in the northwest is part of a widespread culture called the Culture of KuraAras (Rezalou and Zaban Band, 2016: 17) or Yaniq’s Culture (Burney and Lang, 1971: 44, Dayson, 1973: 6867) Is known. n this regard, Dozdaqi Khoy with an area of more than 16 hectares of the largest settlements in the north of Lake Urmia is related to the Bronze Age, which has cultural works of the Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age periods. The percentage of the volume of distribution of pottery on the surface of the site indicates that the period of dynamism and flourishing of the site was in the Bronze Age, and it seems that during this period and for the first time in Khoy plain, there could be an overthecenter center Of the 16 hectares, he said that the existence of such a center is likely to be in the context of transregional trade. Therefore, attention to the abovementioned cases, as well as the study of the status of the Dozdaqi area in the Bronze Age, is one of the most important goals of this research in terms of the presence of cultural materials related to the three old, middle and new bronze periods on the site. In this research, 20 samples of the Bronze Age clay collected from the surface survey and speculation to determine the area and privacy of the study area and typology.The Dozdaqi Khoy AreaThe Dozdaqi area consists of two parts of the east (Dozdaqi area) and the western one (Hill Dozdaqi) separated by a sandy road (Picture 1). This ancient site is located 1.5 kilometers southwest of Khoy city, in the central part and 1 kilometer north of the Amirbiq village, in longitude N: 38.31 23, and latitude E: 44.5514 with an average elevation of 1200 meters The water level is formed in the middle of a midrange plain and the fertile part of the plain on the eastern side of the Qodwokh Boghan River. The most important bioproperties of the Dozdaqi field are as follows: the area of the fertile and cultivated land, the amount of precipitation, the appropriate height, access road, the presence of pastures and suitable vegetation available around the site, fuel resources, abundant water resources and most importantly, there was a salt mine in the east of the area. This ancient work has brought the most important potential and conditions of economic exploitation based on agriculture, animal husbandry, trade and cultural exchanges (salt, rock quarrying, etc.) with neighboring areas.Typology of the Bronze Age Crystal EnclosuresIn this paper, 20 pieces of samples of pottery sherd that were collected during the speculation of the field and area of 1395 from the surface of the site were studied and typified (Plan 1 and Table 1). The color of the pottery is varied, and in this regard, the pottery of the collection can be divided into three groups: brown dumplings, gray dwarfs, red pottery, besides in one color case Black beetle. In making most of the samples, the binder is used in the mineral and the surfaces of the clay are smooth and smooth. On two levels, most of the pottery is covered with thick or thin flowers to peppery, light brown, cream and red. There is also a wheel maker in the collection of handmade pottery. The temperature required to bake most of the pottery has been sufficient. The specimen of the Bronze Age is a hot dip galore comparable to the clay samples obtained from the hills of Yannick (Burney, 1961), BurtonBrown Hill (1948), Haftevan (Burney, 1973), Gijler (Pecorlla,and Salvini, 1984), Cole Tape (Abedi, 2011), the Kohneh Tappeh Cy (Zalaghi and Akhalari, 2007) the Kohneh Pasgah (Akhalari 2008) and the Barouj Tappeh (Alizadeh and Azarnoush, 2002).ConclusionThe percentage of the volume of distribution of pottery on the surface of the site indicates that the period of dynamism and prosperity of this site has been in the era of urbanization and urbanization, and it seems that during this period, and for the first time in the plain, there could be a center with an area of more than 16 hectares said that the existence of such a center in the Khoi Plain is likely to be in the context of transregional trade.