شواهد ارتباط فرهنگی آغازایلامی تا ایلام قدیم براساس متون بین‌النهرین

دورۀ فرهنگی آغازایلامی به دلیل ورود فلات ایران به مرحله ای دیگر از دورۀ شهرنشینی و داشتن گل نوشته هایی که معرف شروع نوشتار در این سرزمین است، یک مرحلۀ مهم در آغاز تاریخی ایران محسوب می شود. پس از آن، دورۀ ایلام به دلیل ایجاد اولین حکومت های سلسله ای سرزمین ایران بسیار موردتوجه است. توالی آغازایلامی تا شروع دورۀ ایلام قدیم برمبنای نوشتار آغازایلامی و ایلامی، خطی دارای شبهاتی است و برمبنای برخی اطلاعات و داده ها ازجمله نوشتار آغازایلامی، توقف یک بارۀ دورۀ آغازایلامی مدنظر قرار گرفته و سیر تحول آن تا دورۀ ایلام قدیم با علامت سوال مطرح می شود، اما توالی یادشده در متون بین النهرین (شبه میخی و میخی دوره های اوروک، جمدت نصر، سلسله های اولیه تا دورۀ اکد و حتی بعد از آن) قابل پی گیری و بررسی است. پژوهش انجام گرفته با هدف بررسی نام ایلام، سرزمین و ایالات آن در بازۀ زمانی پس از آغازایلامی تا ایلام قدیم در متون بین النهرینی انجام گرفت و مهم ترین پرسش این پژوهش پاسخ به شناخت چگونگی توالی دورۀ آغازایلامی تا ایلام قدیم برمبنای متون بین النهرینی در این فاصلۀ زمانی است. پی جویی های انجام گرفته درکنار یافته های باستان شناسی، وجود نام ایلام و ایالات ایلامی را در هزارۀ سوم قبل ازمیلاد در متون زبان شناسی بین النهرینی به دست آمده از این برهۀ زمانی، تایید می نماید. پژوهش حاضر دارای نظام کیفی و راهبردی است و براساس هدف های بنیادی صورت گرفته و ازنظر روش، توصیفی است. روش یافته اندوزی به شیوۀ کتابخانه ای انجام شده و تمامی آن ها از منابع معتبر استخراج شده اند. اساس تحلیل بیشتر متکی بر اطلاعات و یافته های کتابخانه ای است.

Evidence of Cultural Connection Between the ProtoElamite and the Old Elamite based on Mesopotamian Texts

AbstractThe cultural period of the ProtoElamite, due to the entry of the Iranian plateau into another phase of the urbanization period and having a number of writings indicating the beginning of writing in this land, is an important stage in the historical beginning of Iran. Since then, the Elamite period has received much attention due to the creation of the first Dynastic governments on the Iranian Land. The Sequence of the ProtoElamite to the beginning of the Old Elamite period is based on the Elamite text, with some ambiguities and based on some information and data, including the Elamite text, stop is considered, and its evolution until the time of Old Elam is questionable but the sequence mentioned in Mesopotamian texts can be traced and reviewed. A study was carried out with the aim of examining the name of Elam, its land and its states in the period from the ProtoElamite to Old Elamite in Mesopotamian texts, and the most important question in this research is to find out how the succession of the Elamite to Old Elamite was based on Mesopotamian texts during this period. Research alongside archaeological data confirms the existence of the Elam and Elam states in the third millennium B.C in Mesopotamian linguistic texts obtained at this time. The Present study has a qualitative and strategic system and is based on fundamental goals and is descriptive in terms of methodology. The method of collecting the findings was done in a library manner and all of them were extracted from valid source. The base for further analysis relies on library information and findings. Keywords: ProtoElamite, Old Elamite, Mesopotamia, Sumerian Texts.IntroductionProtoElamite first found in Susa in Khuzestan, traditionally considered one of the capital of the Elam state. Identification of this cultural period goes back to the explorations of the Susa area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The texts of the beginnings of the third millennium Elam deal only with administrative, local matters and are the documents for the receipt and payment of grains, livestock’s and workers. After the Elamite period the volume of information and some of the features of this period have been excluded in some areas, the written documents do not clearly indicate the continuation of the course until the next stage, the Old Elamite. The Question in this study is how the succession of the Elamite to the Elamite period is based on Mesopotamian texts during this period. The excavations along with the archaeological findings confirm the existence of the name of Elam and its states in the third millennium B.C in the interlinguistic texts obtained from this period. This research has a qualitative and strategic system and is based on descriptive method and with fundamental aims. The basis of further analysis relies on library information and findings.Identified Traces The name of Ilam is clearly explored in Sumerian sources. Sumerian inscription from Mesopotamia around 2600 2700 BC use the Sumerian legal NIM meaning king Islam, and these references can be traced back to the last king Avan and the Elamite tetts left over from the inscriptions of the Elamites themselves. The written from of the Islam land in the Sumerian cuneiform used the NIM .KI from which was spoken Elam (ma) the word NIM in Sumerian has several meanings, but because it is one of the NIM pronunciations in Akkadian elu, some orientalists have speculated that the word elam (ma) in sumerian elamtu in Akkadian must be an anonymous from of the verb root, and ilam was called the high land. Vocabulary list of the names of the gods of discovered from AbuSelabiq in southern Mesopotamia names a god named leugal NIM. NIM implies the state of Ilam as used here, so god’s name can be called king of Ilam . Other linguistic evidence from Mesopotamia, including the myth of the Arath land, also confirms the expansion of commerce and consequently increased cultural exchange.In this discussion they have documented linguistic evidence in two parts of the cuneiform and pseudo cuneiform texts on the relationship between Ilam and Mesopotamia. The mountainous part of the east was so important to the inhabitants of Mesopotamia that the Sumerian word Nim has been used in the Mesopotamian texts of the Uruk period for mountainous areas , especially the mountaineers of the Iranian plateau. Although complex forms of writing were invented in southern Mesopotamia and south western Iran in the 4th millennium BC, but until about 2500 BC, we cannot say precisely on the basis of written texts about the history of the region. During this period, events are based on royal inscriptions. Elamite words are visible in both Elamite and non Elamite sources, and the Elamite vocabulary has been documented since the second half of the third millennium BC, but little information is known about the Elamites. The resources available for the history of the early Mesopotamian dynasty provide little insight into the research on the history of Ilam. These sources. Which some times refer to Ilam, Report most of the scattered wars between Ilam and Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC, which can be seen in later periods. Ilam was the most important and powerful neighbor of summer during the third millennium BC and lang after that.ConclusionWhat the documented literary sources indicate is the existence of a cultural, economic and hostile relationship between the ProtoElamite to the Old Elamite not only did the Elam States exist but they were powerful enough to defend themselves against Mesopotamian and even attack Mesopotamia.