یادمانی ناشناخته در زاوغان: مسجد جمعه یا عمارت؟

واقعیت این است که تعدادی از یادمان های باستانی مشهود ایران، ناشناخته مانده است و علّت آن نیز نامنظم بودن فعالیت های باستان شناسی در ایران است که باعث شده تا از یک طرف بسیاری از مناطق به دلیل فقدان پژوهش های هدف مند و علمی باستان شناختی همچنان ناشناخته باقی بمانند و ازطرفی در مناطقی که پژوهش ها تمرکز داشته، تاکید بر دوره ای خاص صورت گیرد. برخی از این یادمان ها که در دهه های اخیر کشف شده، کاربری نامشخص داشته اند. یکی از این آثار، بنایی است منسوب به مسجد جامع زاوغان که در کوچه باغ های ورودی شهر سمنان واقع شده است. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی است از بقایای اندکی از این بنا؛ سازه ای که تنها یک سردر مرتفع و چند حجره از آن باقی مانده و اهالی به آن «مسجد جامع» می گویند و تا کنون کتیبه ای و یا آثار تکمیلی از آن یافت نشده است تا مسجد بودن آن را اثبات کند؛ حتی در ورودی یا احتمالاً ایوان صحنِ آن نیز کمی اختلاف درجه با قبله وجود دارد که باعث شده نگارندگان با دیدۀ تردید به وجود کاربری مسجد بنگرند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش نیز معرفی این بنای نسبتاً نویافته است ازطریق مطالعات میدانی که شامل کاوش های پی گردی، بررسی سطح الارضی، مشاهدات مستقیم و مستندنگاری. مهم ترین نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهند که این عمارت دروازه ای در جادۀ خراسان بزرگ بوده که رو به سوی شهرری داشته و در دورۀ تیموری و صفویه دایر بوده است. در حین بحث درمورد این عمارت، راهکار هایی برای نگهداری و مرمت بنا نیز ارائه می شود. با این حال این ابتدای کار پژوهش و کاوش در این محل و بنا بوده و امیدواریم که تداوم یابد.

An unknown memorial in Zavaghan: Jomeh Mosque or Mansion

Abstracthe results of experiments on the materials of this building revealed that most of the material was composed of very small amounts of rock, lime, sand and gypsum, the brick baking temperature is below 800 c and some gypsum is used inside the bricks. The bricks used in Semnan game Mosque are different in terms of construction and baking technology in many parts of the building we are witnessing the wear and tear of the brick layers, that have been imbalanced either in terms of increased vulnerability or aesthetically impaired. Some of the 200 meter high bricks on the side of the city entrance were used by Russian occupation forces to build a swimming pool in the midst of world war II. With the current state of the building, we needed to put them in our context for a complete understanding of the data and to achieve a reasonable result by adapting to the context. All the data in this building were partial and incomplete parts that we had to put together in order to build a unit, understanding them will help us achieve the best possible results. The lack of historical documents about the building, the construction in the words of the local people about the building and the belief that the Mosque was destroyed in the flood of 1346 AH, (some past floods have been blamed for the devastation). While there were no traces of belongings except this porch and the two hogreh, and the lack of architectural work around the building reinforced this hypothesis, from the beginning there was no trace of the building or residential area that was destroyed and before that, gardens and farmlands surrounded the building needless to say, small finds were scattered around the building in a small area and as we move away from this set, the number of findings is also greatly diminished.Keywords: Safavid Era, Gate, Jomeh Mosque, Zavaghan.IntroductionMany efforts have been made to introduce and identify Irans multi thousand year old architecture many researchers have in recent decades erased dust from the face of historical monuments and reappeared them, in the meantime, a number of buildings remain unknown and even a number of them that have been in traduced are in doubt, also keep in mind that some popular buildings have different uses. The building dedicated to the mosque of Zavaghan in similar to this, this building is in the middle of the narrow gardens of Zavaghan region and when we reach it we face the high door, inside this alley, the gardens look unexpected. Because it is not visible around the building except for garden and fields and some water engine, of this building, only the entrance and the two surrounding Hojreh are left, and only a few remnants have suffered natural and human damage in the past decade. The people of Zavaghan call Zavaghan Jame Mosque and they believe that Imam Reza door prayed in the mosque while heading to Marv, but besides the above the mentioned there is no other work to deter mine the use of this mansion. According to archaeological findings and data, what period does this building belong to? What is the use of this building based on the appearance and evidence found? The main purpose of the authors was to describe this particular monument in general, archaeological findings conclude that it probably belongs to the Timurid period, which was abandoned in the late Safavid period. The building belonging to the Zavaghan Jame Mosque is located in the north of Zavaghan and Imam Hossein street and among the green gardens on the western edge of Semnan, Zavaghan region is one of the old areas of Semnan and it is common that in Zavaghan area some of the innocents are buried that the burial of some of them is unclear. No traces of inscriptions were found around the building, which heightens our suspicions that the mosque was not. The surrounding land is all agricultural and horticultural, and there is no new about the old texture of the Zavaghan Alleyways of gardens and water ways pass all around the texture.Findings Gone BachehThis type of pottery is found in this area with delicate, white and porous paste that is usually clean and free of additives. Green glaze and dark green, brown and black paint under the transparent glaze adorn the dishes. Containers are small and medium sized bowls and bowls with a short concave base. The motifs include the role of geometrical and plant motifs and are difficult to identify because of the small number of other diagnostic parts. The oldest of these pottery is attributed to the late 9 th century and is known as Mashhad, Neyshabur, Ray, Varamin and Alamut Castle.Blue and white type: This kind of clay is cooked with every delicate and pure white paste without good additives made with solid, firm paste, the thin wall and translucent white glaze make it easily distinguishable from other types.Blue and white ornamented pottery was produced in the early centuries of Islamic urbanization in major Islamic urban centers and probably the earliest method of making this type of pottery started in China in the eighth century B.C.E, but the type found in this area was later. The earliest date of its construction in Neyshabur goes back to 6 AH. This type of pottery was manufactured in several production centers in Iran until the year 6 AH. Because of their fracture potteries are not detectable by the finer parts of the dishes, but only by the shape of bowl.ConclusionConclusions about the building are now early and more studies are needed on the building. Undoubtedly extensive archaeological research and finding authentic historical documents can open many unknown angles. However, due to the impact of environmental and climatic factors and human intervention many of the impacts have been lost perhaps having a tall verandah will create the remains of a mosque, but merely placing it in the alley of the garden and not having the inscription will cast another vote.