بررسی نحوه‌ اثرپذیری فرمی و بلاغی از آیات پُرکاربرد قرآن در متون نثر فارسی

اثرپذیری از آیات قرآن‌کریم در آثار ادبی زبان فارسی پس از ورود اسلام به ایران و ترویج زبان عربی به تدریج رایج گشت. در ابتدا بیشتر جنبه‌ استفاده‌ ظاهری آیات مطرح بود اما از اواسط قرن پنجم هجری، جنبه‌ هنری و تصویری رجوع به قرآن با بهره گیری از صنایع تشبیه، استعاره، کنایه، تجسیم، تشخیص و تمثیل نیز مورد توجه شاعران و نویسندگان قرار گرفت. از آنجایی که قرآن‌کریم مزیّن به زیور بلاغت و ظرافت هنرهای بدیعی است؛ بنابراین بیشتر شاعران و نویسندگان پارسی گوی، در آراستن آثار خود به حلیت بلاغت، به استفاده از صنایعی چون تلمیح، اقتباس و تضمین روی آورده اند. هر چه از سبک مرسل به سمت سبک مصنوع می رویم تاثیر ظاهری و نیز بلاغی آیات قرآن در آثار منثور فارسی بیشتر می شود. در این میان برخی از آیات و مضامین معروف و پرکاربرد قرآن به علّت اهمیّت و ضریب تاثیرگذاری بالاترشان، بیش از سایر آیات در لابلای اغلب آثار نثر فارسی به چشم می خورند. این پژوهش نشان می دهد که مضامین و موضوعات آیات پرکاربرد قرآن در سبک های مختلف نثری، بیشتر مربوط به زندگی پیامبران الهی و مباحث اعتقادی و یا مسائل اخلاقی و تربیتی است و هدف از به کارگیری متعدّد این آیات، بهره مندی از اثرگذاری بیشتر آنان در پیام ها و مطالب آموزنده و تربیتی متون نثر فارسی است. بررسی ها نشان می دهد که در اثرپذیری فرمی و ظاهری صنایعی چون تلمیح و اقتباس و در اثرپذیری تصویری و بلاغی صنایع قصّه پردازی و تشبیه بیش از دیگر گونه ها به کار رفته است.

an examination of the formal and rhetorical influence of frequently used qur'anic verses on persian prose texts

1.       introductioniranian poets and men of letters, for various purposes—including demonstrating their abilities and exerting greater influence on the hearts of their audiences—have drawn upon the holy qur'an. by incorporating qur'anic verses, words, compounds, and themes in the form of allusion (talmīḥ), quotation (tażmīn), adaptation (iqtibās), and the like into their works, they have rendered them more beautiful and more enduring. persian-speaking poets, in order to convey and express religious rulings, teachings, and doctrines, have adorned their poems with the concepts, themes, and ideas of qur'anic verses (halabi, 1995: 16( 2.      research methodthe research method is library-based and of a descriptive nature combined with content analysis. well-known works from different prose styles were carefully studied; frequently used qur'anic verses were extracted from them, and the rhetorical and imagistic influence on the examined texts was analyzed. 3.       discussioninfluence from the holy qur'an in persian prose is of two types:1.       formal influence (expressive, structural, and imagistic(-          expressive influence: (lexical(-          structural influence: (quotation, adaptation, allusion( quotation (tażmīn(:this refers to the practice whereby a speaker incorporates a verse or line from another poem or text, or a qur'anic verse or a hadith, into his own poem or writing, while also mentioning the name of its original author (rastgu, 1997: 22(.adaptation (iqtibās(:lexically, iqtibās means fire or a flame of fire; to adapt (iqtibās kardan) also means to derive benefit and knowledge from someone and to follow him in learning and scholarship (nafisi, 1976, vol. 1: 338).allusion (talmīḥ):the speaker, in the substance of his discourse, refers to a well-known story, proverb, verse, or hadith (homayi, 2010: 206).-          imagistic influence:this type of influence examines the fluency and beauty of expressions as affected by the eloquence and rhetorical power of qur'anic verses. whether real or imaginary, imagery in arabic literature is considered one of the manifestations of nature (khaledi, 1989: 86).storytelling:a story is a concrete image of the author's perception of life, which explains and experiences thoughts and emotions through the imagination of characters and narrative action (gholamrezaei, 2011: 67).metaphor:a metaphor is a simile in which all elements except the tenor or the vehicle are omitted, and through a contextual clue it becomes clear that the intended meaning is the figurative one (ya'qub, 1987: 35).metonymy (kenāyah):some scholars consider the benefit of metonymy in speech—similar to metaphor—to be the embellishment of expression and the stimulation of the imaginative faculty (esmaili, 1986: 125).2.      content-based influencethis is a type of influence that includes interpretation, exegesis, and qur'anic themes.frequently used qur'anic verses in persian prose textssome qur'anic verses have been used more frequently in prose texts than others. among these are, for example, the concept of trust (amānat), involving structural influence through adaptation and imagistic influence through metaphor:i had truly resolved with myself that when the burden of that responsibility was lifted from the conscience of my mind and, in accordance with 'indeed, god commands you to render trusts to their rightful owners', the weight of that obligation was cast off my neck (zeydari nasavi, 2006: 12);consultation, involving expressive lexical influence and metonymy:he said: glory be to him, the exalted; and consult them in the matter, o muhammad—consult with them, your chosen ones and your companions (onsor al-ma'ali, 2008: 39);and the assembly of zuleikha, involving structural influence through allusion and storytelling:he prepared a throne of silver for each of them to sit upon. when they arrived, he placed before each of them a golden tray, along with a knife, a citron, and other fruits (neyshaburi, 2003: 102). 4.      conclusiona brief examination of persian prose works shows that most of their expressions—particularly those with a didactic or aphoristic aspect—are adaptations from the holy qur'an. some qur'anic verses and themes have been used recurrently in these texts and fall into three categories:1.stories of the lives of prophets,2.religious issues, 3.educational issues. verses related to the lives of prophets are more numerous than the other two categories; in these cases, influence appears formally and superficially in the form of allusion, and imagistically and rhetorically in the form of storytelling. the more prose style moves from plain (morsal) toward rhymed and ornate (mosajja' and masnu') prose, the more rhetorical the influence of qur'anic verses becomes. in formal influence, adaptation and quotation, and in imagistic influence, simile, metonymy, and metaphor are more prominent than other types.