بررسی واژۀ «ادب» در دیوان ابوالمعانی میرزا عبدالقادر بیدل

میرزا عبدالقادر بیدل یکی از پرسراینده‌ ترین شاعران گسترۀ ادب پارسی دری به حساب می‌آید. چون به پیمانۀ او که بیشتر از نود و نه هزار بیت سروده است، کمترین سخن سرایان ما بدین درجه و مقام رسیده اند. آنچه که کلام این سرایشگر بزرگ را رنگ وبوی دیگر بخشیده و از سایر سرایشگران متمایز ساخته است، نحوۀ ترکیب سازی‌ها و بسامد بالایی ویژه واژگانی هم‌چون: حیرت، موج، آیینه، وحدت،  عدم، رنگ، خط، ادب وغیره است. دست ادب آفرین او از این واژگان، به ویژه واژۀ (ادب) ترکیب‌های هنری زیبا و گوناگونی ساخته است. در این مقاله سعی شده است، گونه‌های کاربردی ادب و مفاهیم آن در دیوان بیدل مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار داده شود. هدف کلی این کاوش‌ادبی، بازنمایی جلوه‌های رنگین ادب، در سرایش‌های هنری بیدل و باز شناخت شعر او از این منظر است. اهمیت این پژوهش که بر مبنای روش تحلیلی- توصیفی انجام شده، در این است که تاکنون این موضوع در دیوان بیدل بازنمایی نشده است. از این جهت ضرورت بود من حیث یک مساله تحقیقی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. یافته‌های آن نشان می‌دهد که اشعار بیدل، افزون بر درون مایه بلند عرفانی- ادبی، نیز یکی از منابع فربه و غنامند‌ عرصۀ فرهنگ نگاری به ویژه قاموس های ترکیبی می‌باشد و نتایج آن نیز می‌رساند که ادب با گونه‌ها و مفاهیم مختلف آن بیش از 171 بار در دیوان او به‌ کار رفته است.

a study of the word politeness in the divan of abul-ma'ani by mirza abdul-qadir bidel

introductionabul-maani mirza abdul qadir bidel is one of the great poets and a perfect representative of the indian style, because all the characteristics of this literary style are crystallized and tangible in his literary creations (cf. shafi'i kadkani, 2019: 15). biddle's poems contain many nuances, and one of the most prominent characteristics of his words is the creation of new compositions and combinations. in this research, the word politeness and its applied forms in the structure of his sonnets have been examined and scrutinized. the aim of this literary exploration is to represent the colorful manifestations of politeness in bidel's artistic compositions and to recognize his poems from this perspective. the central question of the research is: how can the process of selecting and using the word politeness in bidel's divan be evaluated and analyzed?  research methodologythe current research is based on the analytical-descriptive method and is as follows: first, bidel's poetry collection was read carefully, and then, from a structural perspective, the structural types of literature in the poet's verses were identified and categorized.  discusspoliteness, which conveys the concepts of humility, modesty, helplessness, self-control, silence, and stillness, is one of the key concepts in biddle's poetry. according to kazemi, this word is almost synonymous with modesty and is opposed to joking, madness, arrogance, and self-promotion. one of its important manifestations in bidel's poetry is considering oneself as nothing in front of the beloved. in this position, the poet considers opening his eyes to the beauty of his beloved, stepping in her path, moaning and groaning, asking for her to be reunited, and even writing her a letter as a sign of expressing his existence, and against politeness. in bidel's poetry, the concept of modesty and politeness is often used with emphasis: my whole body is dust, wings of longing, but/ politeness is the same as the way of expressing a closed argument (kazemi, 2007: 742). dr. qalichkhani writes: in bidel's poems, hundreds of combinations are seen that have no precedent, such as his combinations of imagination and terms of prescription (cf. qalichkhani, 2009: 24). it is worth noting that no research has been conducted so far on the politeness and its combinations in bidel's divan. the applied types of politeness in bidel's divan are examined as follows: politeness without composition. it is used as an additional phrase, such as the embrace of politeness, and in this way it can be used in the following ways: from politeness, oh politeness!, with politeness, impoliteness, impoliteness,… have been manifested with different literary meanings and concepts.  conclusionthis research shows that adab without compounding more than 19 times, as an additional phrase more than 62 times, as az+adb more than 4 times, with the sign of the manada (e + adab) more than 6 times, with the prefix bi+adb, more than 3 times, as adb+i, more than 3 times, in the form of a compound word such as: adab insha, adab ezhar, more than twenty-one times, with the prefix ba+adb, more than three times, as adab+gah, more than 36 times, with the suffix adab+ge, more than 9 times and with the suffix adab+kadeh, more than 5 times and in total with different uses and combinations more than 171 times in the poetry collection of bidel, which mostly expresses the politeness of the soul.