بررسی بدیع لفظی در دیوان فدایی مازندرانی

بدیع دانشی است که با آن زیبایی سخن آشکار می‌شود. علم آرایش کلام است که زبان معمولی را با صنایع و عناصر زیبایی‌آفرین به شعر تبدیل می‌کند و به گفتۀ بزرگان بلاغت، علم بدیع، زیوری است که سخن را بدان می‌آرایند. اشعار مذهبی و عاشورایی نیز سرشار از صنایع بدیعی و آرایه‌های زیبایی‌شناسانه هستند. یکی از شاعران مذهبی‌سرای عهد قاجار، فدایی مازندرانی است که اشعار وی دارای ظرفیت‌های زیباشناسانۀ بدیعی از نوع لفظی و معنوی است. این مقاله به روش کتابخانه‌ای، به بررسی منظومۀ فدایی مازندرانی از این منظر پرداخته است و داده‌های کمی و کیفی حاصل از واکاوی عوامل زیبایی‌‌آفرین بدیعی شعر این شاعر را به شکل توصیفی تحلیلی ارائه کرده است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، دیوان فدایی مازندرانی و نمونۀ آماری، مقتلِ چهارم این اثر است. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که از میان عناصر بدیع لفظی، از شیوۀ موازنه بیشتر از ترصیع بهره گرفته‌شده است. در صنعت جناس، تنوع جناس‌ها به‌خوبی مشاهده می‌شود و در بحث تکرار، گونه‌های مختلف این صنعت به تناسب مضمون و محتوای شعر استفاده‌شده است.

a review of verbal innovation in fada’i mazandarani poems

a review of verbal innovation in fada’i mazandarani poems yousef azdeh[1], samaneh jafari[2] abstractbadi is the knowledge with which the beauty of speech is revealed; it is the science of arranging words, which transforms ordinary language into poetry with beautiful techniques and elements. religious and ashura poems are also full of badi methods and aesthetic arrays. one of the religious poets of ghajar dynasty is fadaei mazandarani, whose poems have aesthetic capacities from badi perspective of verbal and spiritual type. this article, using a library method, has examined mazandarani’s system from this point of view, and has presented quantitative and qualitative data from the analysis of the badi beauty-creating factors of this poet’s poetry in a descriptive-analytical form. the statistical population of the research is fadaei mazandaranis poems and the statistical sample is the fourth maghtal of this work. the obtained results indicate that among the elements of verbal badi, the method of balance is used more than inlay. in the art of puns, the variety of puns is well observed, and in the discussion of repetition, different types of this art have been used in accordance with the theme and content of the poem.  introductionfadaei mazandarani, a talented poet of the qajar era in iran, has a lot of knowledge in the field of poetry and beautification of words. the collection of mazandarani’s poems is in a classic format and has been compiled in a book titled diwan fadai mazandarani (maghtal) edited by fereydoun akbari shaldera.this maghtal, which was composed in the 13th century ah, consists of four systems with 4029 verses. many of these poignant poems are read in mosques and rural shrines in mazandaran without anyone knowing who wrote them. statement of the problem and research questionsconsidering the prominent role of rhetoric and especially inner music in the poetry of mazandarani, the authors of this article decided to examine the poems of this elegiac poet from the point of view of verbal originality, and answer the following questions:1.what is the use of word art in mazandarani poems?which word industry has the highest frequency?  research methodologythis applied research is a library method. for this purpose, the sources related to the topic of the research have been identified and studied, and after extracting the important points, the study and rhetorical analysis of the fourth chapter of the mazandarani book has been carried out as a statistical sample, and the data has been presented in a descriptive-analytical form.  discussin the current research, to answer the research questions, word industries in the book have been extracted and classified under three general headings: balance and embedding, construction and repetition with several sub-sections. conclusionmazandarani has used various pleasant literary tricks in his poems. in a comparison and overall process, it can be concluded that he tried to use all arrays, more or less, which shows his high poetic power. this mazandarani poet has used techniques such as balancing and inlaying to make his poems more musical. also, to make the poems more melodious and effective, he has used all kinds of puns such as: total puns, word puns, compound puns, present participle and suffix puns, line puns, incomplete puns, derivational puns, redundant puns, and heart puns. various methods of repetition, such as letter repetition (phonology), word repetition, rejection and image, etc., are also used well in order to emphasize the words and get more pleasure for the audience in the poems of this elegiac poet. in other words, due to the reading of these poems in prayer gatherings and the importance of the tone of the words, mazandzani has made good use of the methods and techniques that add to the music and music of the words. [1]. master’s student in persian language education, dr. shariati pardis, sari, iran (corresponding author).yousefazdeh373@gmail.com   [2]. assistant professor, department of language and literature education, farhangian university, tehran, iran.samanehjafari101@yahoo.com received date: 1402/06/13 (2023/09/04)     accepted date: 1402/11/05 (2024/01/25)