مقایسۀ تطبیقی حروف و حرکات قافیه در زبان عربی و فارسی دری

حروف قافیه زبان فارسی در برخی از کتاب‌ها حروف اصلی و حروف الحاقی خوانده‌شده است. حروف اصلی به حرف یا حروفی گفته می‌شود که جزء اصلی کلمه‌ قافیه هستند و حرف یا حروف الحاقی به واژه‌های هم قافیه گفته می‌شود. حرکات حروف قافیه در زبان عربی و فارسی دری شش حرکت است که موردبررسی نویسندگان و پژوهشگران قرارگرفته است. از همین رو مشابهت‌هایی بین حروف و حرکت‌های قافیه در زبان عربی و فارسی دری وجود دارد که در این مقاله نویسندگان به روش تحلیلی- توصیفی به مقایسۀ تطبیقی بین آن‌ها پرداخته‌اند و هدف نویسندگان نشان دادن وجوه افتراق و اشتراک در حروف و حرکات قافیه در زبان عربی و فارسی دری است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد که حروف قافیه از زبان عربی به زبان دری راه یافته است و در کنار شباهت‌های بسیار، در زبان دری گسترش‌یافته و این گستردگی موجب ایجاد تفاوت‌های بسیار شده است.

comparative comparison of letters and rhyming movements in arabic and dari

comparative comparison of letters and rhyming movements in arabic and dari  naghibollah rayegh[1], mohammadyounes dashan[2], seyyed azimollah esmati[3]  abstractone of the methods of examining poems and measuring them in the languages of the world is rhyme, which is often studied alongside the science of prosody and sometimes as an independent science. so that some people return the arab understanding of rhyme to the period before islam, and attribute the establishment of the science of rhyme to one of the poets of the age of ignorance, namely mohalhal. in this research, analytical-descriptive method based on library tools has been used. our primary goal in the present research was to show the difference and alignment between the letters and rhyming movements of arabic and dari languages. the findings of this research indicate that the comparison of rhyming letters and movements in arabic and dari languages is a sign that there are differences in the number and divisions of the rhyming letters of these languages. the comparison of such matters will be a good step in the direction of strengthening the grammar of arabic and dari languages. the main question that has been addressed is how to use and the difference in the number of letters and rhyming movements in dari and arabic.  introductionrhyme: it is the last word of the verse that needs to be repeated, or the last moving letter in the verse, after which there is a stationary letter, or the letter on which the ode is based, among poets, they say the last word of the poem.the founder of mohlhal science is ebn rabi’ah. rhyme is something that happens at the end. statement of the problem and research questionsrhyme is considered as the basic part of poems, in such a way that neglecting it causes disturbances in the understanding of poetic texts. first, the science of rhyme was established and compiled in arabic language and for arabic poetry, the terms of this science are all adapted from arabic culture and language. the science of rhyme came from the arabic language to the persian language and there have been acquisitions in it. in this research, we will seek answers to these questions:a) what are the similarities and differences between the rhyming letters in dari and arabic?b) is the definition and use of rhyming movements in arabic and dari persian the same or are there differences?  research methodologythis research has been done with analytical-descriptive method and library tools. the differences and similarities between letters and rhyming movements in dari and arabic have been determined. discussrhyme consists of letters and movements, the lack of repetition of which harms the beauty of the rhyme in arabic. its letters are:  rouy, tasis,redf, khuruj,vasl, dakhil. the rhyming letters of the persian language are nine letters and they are: rouy, tasis, dakhil, redf, gheyd, vasl, khuruj, mazid, nayre. a poet has depicted it in two verses. arabic rhyming movements: mojri, nefaz, hazv, eshba, ras, tojih. persian rhyming movements: ras, eshba, hazv, tojih, mojri, nefaz.  conclusion rhyme is one of the important elements of persian and arabic poetry, and poets have always given importance to it, writing poems with difficult rhymes, mentioning various roles for rhyme, shows their attention to rhyme.rhyming letters in arabic are six letters. but there are nine letters in persian language.there are six movements of rhyming letters in arabic. in the farsi dari language, there are six movements. it can be said that there are six differences between arabic rhyming letters and nine in persian language. however, the number of rhyming letters in both languages is the same, and all six movements are read. [1]. pohanmal (associate professor), department of arabic language and literature, faculty of literature and humanities, badakhshan university, badakhshan, afghanistan.[2]. pohanmal (associate professor), department of arabic language and literature, faculty of literature and humanities, badakhshan university, badakhshan, afghanistan.[3]. professor (professor) department of arabic language and literature, faculty of literature and humanities, badakhshan university, badakhshan, afghanistan (corresponding author).esmati.sayed@gmail.com received date: 1402/02/19 (2023/05/09)      accepted date: 1402/12/19 (2024/03/09)