analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-brain tumor activities of 𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑚 a. and r. fern. leaf methanol extract in wistar rats

Brain tumors are among the most aggressive cancers and often require a combination of therapies, with limited effectiveness. melastomastrum capitatum is used for alleviating pain and reducing inflammation, yet its impact on brain tumors has not been investigated. this study aimed to assess the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties of the leaf extract (mcme) in wistar rats. the extract was obtained through methanol extraction and analyzed for its phytochemical content. the analgesic effects were tested using the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing models, while anti-inflammatory properties were measured using carrageenan-induced paw edema. a 9l gliosarcoma model was employed to evaluate the extract’s anti-tumor effects before and after treatment with mcme. key biomarkers such as tnf-α, il-6, cox-2, and markers of oxidative stress were measured. results indicated that mcme significantly (p < 0.05) lessened pain response, reduced paw swelling by 45.32 ± 2.14%, and inhibited tumor growth by 58.47 ± 3.21%. in addition, there was a notable decrease in tnf-α (39.65 ± 2.08%) and il-6 (42.89 ± 1.92%), along with an increase in superoxide dismutase (36.54 ± 1.87%) and glutathione (40.26 ± 2.11%). these results underscore the mcme potential in neuro-oncology and pain relief.